OF AUTS AND SCIENCES. 



179 



near Eastport. Kjellman * says that " in the Arctic Sea proper the 

 present species occurs in company with other Laminnriacece^ and is 

 usually met with here at a depth of 2-10 fathoms on rocky or stony 

 bottom"; but ''on the coast of Norway," he says, "it does not be- 

 long to the proper formation of Lnminariacece, but descends deeper 

 than this, even to a depth of twenty fathoms. But it is most common 

 here," he adds, " in shallow, rather exposed bays on gravelly bottom 

 in 4—5 fathoms." Farlow^ states f that at Eastport it is found in deep 

 pools, but that elsewhere it is an inhabitant of deep water. I have 

 found it at Peak's Island, growing in shallow pools between tide 

 marks, and down to eight or ten feet below low-water mark. I 

 did not search for it at a greater depth. At Marblehead, Mass., it 

 occurred in a very shallow pool at extreme low-water mark. At 

 Nahant, in May and June, 1889, it grew in abundance just below 

 low-water mark, and in pools between tides. But a number of speci- 

 mens were found in two rather deep pools at the uppermost tide 

 limit. 



Season. — De la Pylaie mentions } that numerous very young 

 specimens were cast ashore about the end of October; and Kjellman 

 states § that young individuals were common during the winter on the 

 north coast of Spitzbergen, but that on the "coast of Norway younger 

 and older specimens are of rather the same frequency during the sum- 

 mer months, in July and August." The season on the coast of New 

 England seems to correspond Vfith that of the coast of Norway. I 

 have seen young specimens of Saccorhiza dermatodea only in late 

 spring and summer. The first young specimens I found were growing 

 at Nahant, just below low-water mark, June 23, 1888, and were only 

 two or three in number. On April 24, 1889, on a visit to Nahant, I 

 found the pools full of young Laminariece of small size, among which 

 young specimens of the present species were tolerably abundant. 

 These were of different lengths, and a number of specimens were col- 

 lected. A careful search was made for the very earliest stages, but 

 none were found. Some very small plants were obtained, but none of 

 the very earliest. It may be present in large numbers in a given 

 locality at one season, and almost entirely wanting during the next. 

 In June, 1888, on the northeastern side of Peak's Island, hundreds 

 of beautiful large plants were growing just a few feet below low- 

 water mark ; but in June, 1889, not a single plant was to be found in 



* Arct. Alg., p. 225. 

 t N. E. Alg., p. 96. 



\ Fl. Terre Neuve, p. 49. 

 § Loc. cit., p. 225. 



