RANDOLPH. MANDRAGORA IN FOLK-LORE AND MEDICLVE. 529 



Id., Ibid., 2. 53: Gaius INIarius, a man of rustic breeding, but uii(loul)t- 

 edly a man, when he was about to have liis veins cut, as I have said above, 

 at the outset refused to be bound, yet no one before Marius is said to have 

 been cut without binding. . . . And . . . Marius gave evidence, too, tluit 

 the bite of tlie pain was keen. 



Propert., Eleg , 1.1.27: Bravely will we endure both the knife and the 

 cruel cauteries. 



Ovid, Rem. Amor., 229: To restore the body, you will endure the knife 

 aud the cauteries. 



Id., Heroid., 20. 183: Others, that they may be well, endure the knife and 

 the cauteries. 



Seneca, Ad Marciam, 22.3: Add . . . the torments of the physicians, 

 who remove bones from living bodies, putting their whole hands into the 

 bowels, and treating the oigans with divers pains. 



Plut., iVIoral., 74 D: We must imitate the physicians; for when they per- 

 form a surgical operation they do not leave the wounded member in suffering 

 and pain, but soothe it gently and foment it. 



Martial, Epig., 11.84. 5 f . : More gently does Alcon cut a strangulated 

 hernia, and hew broken bones with his rude hand.* 



Dio Chrysost., Orat. 11 : If ever the physician sees fit to bind the patient, 

 he is straightway bound ; and if he sees fit to cut or cauterize him, the knife 

 and cauteries are applied. . . . Often the very servants of the sick man 

 bind their master, and bring the fire to cauterize him, and furnish other 

 assistance. 



Aristides, Orat. 24 : Finally, the physicians began at my chest and 

 carved {KariTtp-vov) me all the way down to my bladder. And when the 

 cupping-glasses took hold, my breath left me completely, and a pain be- 

 numbing and very hard to bear went through me, and everything was 

 wet with blood, and I was filled with anguish. 



Tertull., Scorpiac, cap. 5: Being cut and cauterized ... is not an evil, 

 for the reason that it brings useful pains. . . . Tlie patient who howls and 

 groans and bellows in the hands of his physician will presently load those 

 same hands with jiay, and call them the best of operators, and no longer say 

 that they are cruel. 



Themist., Orat. 22: Just as physicians often leave the knife alone, and 

 by applying certain drugs heal the malady without pain. 



From the last clause it follows that cure with the knife would be 

 attended by pain. 



* That is, Alcon, bungler that he is, performs a surgical operation with less 

 pain to tlie patient than that caused his customers by the barber Antiochus. 



VOL. XL. — 34 



