CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE ZOOLOGICAL LABORATORY OF 

 THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY AT HARVARD 



COLLEGE, UNDER THE DIRECTION OF E. L. MARK. — No. 218. 



DIVISION OF LABOR AMONG ANTS.i 

 By Edith N. Buckingham. 



Presented by E. L. Mark, December 14, 1910. Received December 14, 1910. 



Table of Contents. 



I. Introduction 426 



II. Historical 426 



III. PoljTnorphism of Ants 429 



A. Polymorphism in General 429 



B. Polymorphism of the Species studied for Division of Labor 432 



1. Camponotus 432 



2. Pheidole 438 



IV. Methods in General 440 



A. Work with Fielde Nests, Aluminum Nests and other Appa- 



ratus ... 440 



1. Marking 44q 



2. Heating 442 



B. Work with Barth Nests 443 



1. Environment in General 443 



2. Influences of Heat and Light 443 



C. Out-door Work 444 



1. Field Notes 445 



2. Captured Ants 445 



D. Activities tested 445 



V. Studies of Camponotus 446 



VI. Studies of Pheidole 475 



C. amer- ^ieanm' P- P'«- P- '^en- P. vine- 

 T I?- ij TVT i Ai • -NT X "*• Pictus. fera. lata, landica. 



In lielde Nests, Alummum Nests page Page Page Page Page 



and other Apparatus 446 ... 475 490 490 



Feeding (or Foraging) 446 . . . 475 . . 



Regurgitating 478 . . 



Licking 479 . . 



Tending Young 456 ... 479 . . 



Building 458 ... 480 . . 



^ Published also as Radcliflfe College Monographs, No. 16. 



