PLATE IV. 



A. One of the small pit-craters of the Puna district of Hawaii. It is a pipe 

 fluxed through the old, flat-lying lava of the Mauna Loa (fluent) type. The 

 crater is about 175 meters in diameter. 



B. Cinder cones from 100 to 200 meters or more in height, from summit of 

 the highest cinder cone on Mauna Kea, looking northeast. 



