83 



forest, consisting of numerous stumps with their roots, from 

 which a large part of the soil has been washed away, is left 

 dry upon the beach ; down which it extends below low 

 water mark to an unknown distance. 



Dr. Gould read descriptions of the following new species 

 of shells, brought home by the U. S. Exploring Expedition : 



LiTTORiNA. PATULA. Testa mngna, solida, rudis, rotundato- 

 ovata, cinereo-olivacoa albido maculuta : spira anfr. 5, ultimo 

 magno, ventricoso ; sutura vix impressa : apertura ampla, ro- 

 tunda ; columella lata, oxcavata, alba ; facie ventrali testae quasi 

 attrita, et macula fusca notata ; fauce castanea, antice albo- 

 vittata. Long. |, lat. J- poll. Hab. San Francisco. 



Remarkable for the amplitude of the aperture, the broad 

 excavated columella, apparently ground away by the protrusion 

 of the operculum. 



LiTTORiNA LEPiDA. Tcsta parva, solida, elongata, biconica, 

 nitida, livida vel sanguinea albido tessellata vel zonata prsesertim 

 prope suturam et ad peripheriam, spiraliter crebre et tenuiter 

 puncto-striata : spira acuto-conica, anfr. 5. ultimo angulato : aper- 

 tura ovata ; labro acuto, pallido ; fauce rubra, albo-zonata ; col- 

 umella planulala, sanguinea. Long. |, lat. f poll. Hab. Puget 

 Sound. 



A small, biconical species like L. Uneaia^ characterized by its 

 finely puncto-striate sculpture, its range of articulate spots, and 

 by the blood-red color of the columella. 



LiTTORiNA SCUTULATA. Tcsta parva, ovato-conica, plcrumquc 

 erosa, castanea vel livida albido inordinatim maculata, striis obso- 

 letis cincta : spira anfr. 5, ultimo ventricoso : apertura late ovata ; 

 labro acuto, pallido ; columella planata, antrorsum expansa ; 

 fauce livido. Long, f , lat. |- poll. Hab. Puget Sound. 



Allied to L. ienebrosa, but has a more elongate and acute spire ; 

 also to L. lepida, but is more inelegant, and without the coloring 

 of the base and aperture of that shell. 



LiTTORiNA CALiGiNosA. Tcsta parva, ovata, tenuis, Isevis vel 

 lineis incrementalibus striata, epidermide fusco-virente luteo mac- 

 ulato induta : spira, apice erosa, anfr. 4-5, ventricosis ; sutura 

 profunda : apertura vix ^ longitud. testse adequans, rotundato- 



