179 



portion, is a hard and compact true Cannel coal, and in its infe- 

 rior part a mass of crowded Calamites, so loosely aggregated, 

 that exposed to the wet, these separate into thin laminae. This 

 is a new and evident proof that the Cannel coal is not a peculiar 

 formation, but owes its density to a more advanced state of de- 

 composition of the vegetable matter. 



The following is a section of the inferior members of the coal 

 formation of Northern Ohio, as developed at Cuyahoga Falls, 

 kindly furnished by Dr. Newberry, of Cleveland. 



1. Highest stratum in Marine Limestone, 4 feet. 



2. Eed Sandstone, with Lepidostrobi and Sigillaria, 50 to 70 feet. 



3. Shales, &c. 40 to 50 feet. 



4. Coal, 3 to 6 feet. 



5. White Sandstone, 50 to 70 feet. 



6. Conglomerate, with Calamites, Calaraodench-on, &c. 150 feet. 



7. Shaly Sandstone, 100 feet. 

 S. Worthmgton Shale, 300 feet. 



The fossil plants of this locality agree very closely in species, 

 and accord exactly in genera, with those of the base of the coal 

 measures of England and France. They are, an abundance of 

 large Calamites^ of Lepidodendra, Lcpidostrohi, Trigonocarpi, 

 etc. while there is a complete absence of the species which 

 abound in the Upper Strata, such as Pecopteris cBqualis, P. arbo- 

 rescens^ Neuropteris heterophylla^ and others. 



Dr. Jackson remarked, that it would be very interesting to 

 trace such a wide-spread deposit to its original source. In New 

 Brunswick, on the Peticodiac River he had found a hard, green 

 slate with pieces of Sienite, Quartz, and occasionally of Trap 

 Rock, the pebbles being but partially rounded. He had traced 

 this deposit to a mountain of Sienite and Green Slate, fourteen 

 miles to the west of north, known as Caledonia Mountain. The 

 coal-basin of that region is made up of Sandstone with Limestone 

 and White Gypsum. Above this lies a richly bituminous Shale, 

 soft, even flexible, filled with remains of fishes. Dr. Jackson 

 inquired of Prof. Rogers, if, in the widely-spread formation de- 

 scribed by Mr. Lesquereux, there was any gradation of fineness 

 in the materials, their fineness increasing in proportion to the 

 distance from their probable source, indicating the action of water 

 rather than ice in their distribution. 



Prof. Rogers replied, that such is the case. 



Dr. Jackson referred to the opinion of some geologists 



