BRANNER-AGASSIZ EXPEDITION TO BRAZIL 



189 



to Theophilo Ottoni, kilometer 376. A large 

 number of splendid rosewood and mahogany 

 logs lie decaying along the line of the railway, 

 while the forests contain vast quantities of these 

 valuable woods. 



Peruhype station (kil. 65) is on Rio Peruhype, 

 at an elevation of about only six meters above tide 

 level, while the bottom of the river, where the 

 railway crosses the stream a third of a kilometer 

 below the station, is only half a meter above high 

 tide level. The railway has, up to this point, 

 made a wide detour to avoid the marshes about 

 Caravellas, and after crossing the Eocene ( ?) 

 hills at an elevation of sixty meters has come 

 down almost to tide level again. 



The hills along the Rio Peruhype are about 

 thirty meters high, flat on top, and slope down 

 to the stream at an angle of about 35°. Beyond 

 Peruhype station the railway climbs again to the 

 top of the sedimentary plateau. At kilometer 

 67 a cut exposes well the usual horizontal, mot- 

 tled and colored beds to a depth of about ten 

 meters. At kilometer 69 the road is again in the 

 open campos on top of the plateau, and from 

 here the campos continues to about kilometer 

 73, where the railway enters the great forests. 

 The top of this plateau about Helvetia station 

 (kil. 72-73) is more or less rolling, but it is really 

 a flat table-land crossed by gulches and narrow 

 valleys that are visible only when one comes 

 close to them. 



At kilometer 128 the railway descends into a 

 small valley cut in the Eocene (?) beds. The 

 beds exposed in the railway cuts are the usual 

 yellow, red, and mottled clays ; some of them 

 contain lumps hardened with iron, half a meter 

 or more in diameter. At kilometer 132.5 the 

 road reaches the bottom of a small narrow val- 



