620 FEWKES 



of the festival, but there are certain of these personations which 

 invariably appear. In the 1893 exhibition, the only one pre- 

 vious to 1900 upon which we have reliable notes, there was one 

 performance with a sun screen and serpent effigies which were 

 manipulated by the men of the kiva under the snake rock. 

 The symbols depicted on this screen differ somewhat from 

 those on the screen employed in 1900, but the general char- 

 acter of the performance with it was the same. Briefly con- 

 sidered the acts given in 1893 were as follows : 



Act I. — An exhibition with the sun screen and serpent effi- 

 gies, by men of Tacab kiva, similar to Act i of 1900, but in 

 which the actors personated Pawik (Duck), Tacab (Navajo), 

 Hakaiwilqti, and others. A masked man {Calaho) stood before 

 the screen holding in his arms an effigy of a Great Snake with 

 which he appeared to struggle, and for that reason was called 

 the ' Struggling One.* The Serpent effigy carried was manip- 

 ulated in such a way that the man and snake appeared to be 

 engaged in a combat, much the same as in the fifth act o:^ 1900, 

 except that the serpent effigy was not thrown through openings 

 closed by disks bearing sun symbols. The manipulator wore 

 a false arm ' hanging from one shoulder in place of his real arm, 

 which was thrust within the body of the effigy, grasping a stick, 

 the ' backbone ' of the monster. 



Act 2. — Dance of masked men representing Afia Katcinas. 



Act 3. — Dance of masked men representing Z'«ca<5' Katcinas. 



Act 4. — Dance of masked men representing clowns and two 

 Huhiyan Katcinas. 



Act 5. — Dance of men personating women of the Ozvakilltti 

 society, who threw their baskets to the spectators. 



Act 6. — Dance of men representing old women bearing wil- 

 low wands. 



Act 7. — Dance of masked men representing Tanoan Ana 

 Katcinas. 



The god of death, Masautih^ was personated in the 1893 

 exhibition and appeared in the plaza about 2 p. m., "dancing 

 through Walpi with a hobbling movement, singing snatches of 



' For figures of the ' false arm ' see op. cit., PI. 11. 

 *Two boys took this part in 1900. 



