62 2 FEWKES 



solid. A radiating crest of hawk feathers is tied vertically to 

 the back of the head. 



The teeth are cut in the gourd or wood of which the head is 

 made and are painted red. The tongue is a leather strap, also 

 painted red, and protrudes from the mouth a considerable dis- 

 tance. The top of the head is black, the bottom white, and these 

 same colors continue along the sides of the bod}'. 



The body consists of a central stick, called a backbone, over 

 which is extended a covering which is held in place by a series 

 of hoops graduated in size from the neck to the end. The 

 effigy is manipulated by means of the stick, held by a man 

 behind the screen. The 'backbone' has a ferule cut in it a 

 few inches back of the neck, and to this ferule are tied a quartz 

 crystal called the heart, and a package which contains corn 

 ueeds of all colors, melon, squash, cotton and other seeds, and 

 a black prayer stick. The body is made of a series of hoops 

 called ribs, over which is stretched cotton cloth painted black 

 above and white below, with a red streak at the dividing line, 

 where there are also other markings and symbols.^ 



The backbones of the two effigies which were made to rise 

 out of the vases were short and stumpy, but they have a • heart ' 

 similar to the longer ones, and an attached package of seeds. 



The resemblances in symbolism between Hopi and Toltec 

 figures of the Great Serpent are startling enough to indicate a 

 like origin geographically, and legends are in accord w'ith that 

 belief. The Hopi serpent was brought, they say, from a place 

 called Palatkwabi, a region in the south which may have ex- 

 tended as far as northern Mexico. The Toltecs, with whom 

 the Great Serpent cult of Mexico is intimately associated, orig- 

 inated far north of their renowned pueblo, Tollan, and lived at 

 a place called Tlapallan. The situation of the latter place is 

 doubtful, but there is no doubt that it was in the north, and 

 good authority for the belief that it was in southern Arizona or 

 northern Mexico. 



Geographically, Tlapallan and Palatkwabi were not far dis- 

 tant, possibly identical in their positions. The argument for 

 the common origin of the Great Serpent cult in Tusayan and 



' Like those on the kilts of the Suake priests. 



