626 FEWKES 



and the ends of the hawk-tail plumes in the pool, and the 

 leader said a short prayer and started back up the trail." 



Certainly the most remarkable of all the masked men who ap- 

 peared that day were the two personifications of a being called 

 Tcanaii Katcina. They wore circular masks with feathers pro- 

 jecting from the periphery, and carried in their mouths realistic 

 stuffed effigies of rattlesnakes, while over the eyes of the masks 

 were attached carved wooden effigies of lizards. 



Although these masks suggest the custom of the well-known 

 snake dancers, they are not connected with the modern festival 

 of the snake dance, nor with the snake clan, but with the Pakab 

 clan by which they are said to have been introduced into the 

 Walpi ferial calendar. 



March 3. Tihiini. On the day after the acts in the kivas, 

 there was a public dance of the Ana Katcinas in the Walpi 

 plaza. During this dance grinding stones were placed in the 

 middle of the open space by the Snake Rock, behind which 

 two girls representing Ana Katcinas manias took their position, 

 and a line of Ana Katcinas extended the whole length of the 

 plaza. The latter served as chorus while the girls ground meal 

 as in the kiva performance the night before. 



In this exhibition or dance there were also two men personating 

 Hehca^ whose actions were identical with those of the same name 

 in the kiva performance. They sat on the ground as the girls 

 ground the meal and the chorus sang. The personators in this 

 dance were from the chief kiva of Walpi, and the exhibition has 

 the same meaning as that of the night before. 



There also appeared in this public exhibition a masked per- 

 sonage called Hofak (eastern) Katcina, the signification of 

 which is unknown to me. 



CONCLUSIONS. 



There are certain facts which justify calling the preceding 

 performance a theatrical exhibition rather than a religious cere- 

 mony, among which tlie following may be mentioned. 



Several very sacred objects invariably present in Hopi rites 

 are conspicuous by their absence. 



In every great Hopi ceremony one or more insignia of the 



