REVISION OF THE AMERICAN RED FOXES 663 



and bangsi; then comes macroiirtis^ and finally the smallest 

 members of the group, cascadensis^ necator^ ^nd/tdvus. 



In the large species {rcgalis, harrhnani^ and kenaiensis) the 

 males are enormously larger than the females ; in the smaller 

 species the sexual disparity in size is much less pronounced. 



VULPES FULVUS (Desmarest). 



PI. XXXVII, fig. I. 

 Canis fitlviis Desmarest, Mammalogie, i, pp. 203-204, 1820. 



Type locality. — Virginia. 



Range. — Northeastern United States. 



Characters. — Size small ; face small and sharp ; tail terete and rather 

 small ; black of fore and hind feet extensive and reaching far up on legs. 



Color. — Face rusty fulvous, profusely grizzled w^ith whitish ; upper- 

 parts bright golden fulvous, varying to fulvous, darkest along middle 

 of back ; hinder part of back slightly grizzled with whitish ; chin, 

 throat, and band down belly white ; black of forefeet spreading over 

 whole foot and reaching up broadly to elbow ; black of hind feet reaching 

 up in narrow band along outer side of thigh. Tail fulvous, profusely 

 mixed with black hairs which are most abundant on distal half of 

 under surface ; a black spot near base of upper surface ; tip white. 



Compared with Vtilpes vulpes of Sweden, V. fulvus is smaller ; 

 tail shorter and smaller ; rusty of face paler and very much more pro- 

 fusely mixed with whitish [in vulpes the rusty is nearly pure] ; black 

 of fore and hind feet very much more extensive. In cranial characters 

 the two are quite distinct, as shown under V. alascensis. 



Skull. — Small ; face and rostrum small and slender ; bullae smaller 

 than in any other American species and sloping gradually (instead of 

 rising abruptly) from basioccipital ; basioccipital broad. 



Teeth. — Rather small ; premolars well spaced ; upper carnassial with 

 anterointernal cusp moderately developed but not projecting strongly 

 from plane of inner side of tooth; 1st upper molar smaller than in any 

 described species. 



Measurements. — Average of 3 males from southern New England : 

 total length 1034; tail vertebrjE 394; hind foot 163. 



VULPES MACROURUS Baird. 



PI. XXXVI, fig. I. 

 Vulpes macrouriis Baird, Rept. Stansbury's Expd. to Great Salt Lake, pp. 



309-310, June 1852 ; Mammals N. Am., pp. 130-133, 1857. 

 Vulpes Utah Audubon & Bachman, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., y. 114, 



July 1852. 



