REVISION OF THE AMERICAN RED FOXES 665 



cross pelage : back grizzled black and whitish or buffy ; sides buffy ; 

 feet, legs, and belly black ; tail mainly black with tip white. 



Skull. — Compared with cascadensis., its nearest geographical neigh- 

 bor, the rostrum is more slender, the bulhe smaller, and in adult males 

 the zygomata much more spreading. The carnassials both above and 

 below are slightly larger and more swollen ; the ist and 2d upper molars 

 and 2d lower molar are decidedly larger. Briefly, the rostrum is more 

 delicate and slender, the molars (except the 3d lower) larger and heav- 

 ier. The heel of the 2d upper molar is broader and less emarginate 

 posteriorly. Compared with fnacrourtis from the Rocky Mts., the 

 resemblance is closer and the differences less marked : the rostrum is 

 slightly narrower and more constricted laterally ; the bulhe slightly 

 smaller ; the upper molars slightly larger (heel broader) ; 3d lower 

 molar decidedly smaller. 



Rcjnarks. — Externally the High Sierra Fox in red pelage resembles 

 the common red fox of the eastern United States {fulvus) much more 

 closely than it does either cascadensis or inacrourus. It differs from 

 fulvus however in having the sides of the nose much darker (distinctly 

 dusky) ; black of legs much restricted ; fulvous of back duller and red- 

 der ; ground color of tail buffy instead of fulvous. 



Vulpes necator is apparently more closely related to its Rocky 

 Mountain ally {macrourus) ., now separated by the full breadth of the 

 Great Basin, than to its immediate neighbor of the northern Sierra 

 {cascade?tsis) whose range it doubtless meets, as cascadensis has 

 been found as far south as Mt. Raymond in Mariposa County, Calif. 



Aleasuretnettts. — Type specimen ( 9 ) : total length 930 ; tail verte- 

 bras 345 ; hind foot 150. K$ from Atwell's Mill, on the west flank of 

 the Sierra, measured : total length 1003 ; tail vertebras 381 ; hind foot 

 171. 



VULPES CASCADENSIS sp. no v. 

 PI. XXXVI, fig. 3. 



Type from Trout Lake, base of Mt. Adams, Cascade Range (near 

 Columbia River), Washington. No. 92767, $ yg. ad., U. S. Na- 

 tional Museum, Biological Survey Coll. March 3, 1898, P. Schmid. 

 (Black-cross phase.) 



Range. — Cascade Range in Oregon and Washington, and north- 

 ern Sierra Nevada in California ; northern limit unknown. 



Characters. — A short-tailed, small-toothed mountain fox of the 

 fulvus group, commonest in the ' black-cross ' pelage ; when in red 

 pelage, yellow instead of fulvous (like a small edition of regalis). In 



