PROCEKDINGS 



OF THE 



WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 



Vol. Ill, pp. 507-539. November 7, 1901. 



SYNONOMY OF THE FISH SKELETON. 



[Plates LXIII-LXV. Text Figures 45-46.] 



By Edwin Chapin Starks. 

 Leland Stanford Junior University. 



CONTENTS. 



Introduction 507 



List of synonyms 508 



Alphabetical list of terms 527 



Bibliography 538 



INTRODUCTION. 



In works on the fish skeleton much confusion of nomenclature 

 has arisen from the difficulty of homologizing the bones with 

 those of the higher vertebrates. Some authors have attempted 

 to homologize every element in which there is a trace of homol- 

 ogy while others have only homologized those in which it is most 

 evident, giving special names to the remaining ones. These 

 special names have not caused confusion, as each has been used 

 consistently for the bone to which it was originally assigned ; 

 but names involving the assertion of homology have frequently 

 been applied to more than one element, according to the differ- 

 ent interpretations of different authors. Thus the word cora- 

 coid (in some of its forms) has been applied to four distinct 

 bones of the shoulder girdle. 



Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., November, 1901. (507) 



