2l8 KELLOGG AND BELL 



I shows var. i complete; 8 show var. 3 "very slight" or 

 "slight"; I shows a complete new cell interpolated. 



Of the 300 right fore wings : 293 show no variation (fig. 9) ; 

 I shows var. i complete; 5 show var. 3 "very slight" or 

 " slight" ; I shows var. 3 " fair." 



Of the 300 left hind wings, but one shows any variation, that 

 being a case of " var. 2 slight." There is manifest a tendency 

 toward the appearance of spurs indicated by the frequent angu- 

 lation of the veins at points where the spurs occur in the drones, 

 but that is the limit of the variation. Of the 300 right hind 

 wings also but one shows a variation of the degree called slight 

 that being also a case of "var. 2 slight." The same angula- 

 tion of the veins is to be noted as in the left wings. 



Another lot of drones (48) and workers (300) from another 

 hive (Italians) was examined for the same conditions of varia- 

 tion in venation of the hind wings. Among the 300 workers no 

 describable variation was found, simply the slight although 

 manifest tendency to have the spur-bearing (in the drones) 

 veins angulated thus affording traces of spurs. Among the 48 

 drones, on the contrary, the various spurs recorded for the pre- 

 vious lot from laboratory hives were present in various degrees 

 of length, and five cases of the interpolation of complete new 

 cells were noted (see fig. 8). 



Another lot of 100 workers from still another hive (Germans) 

 was examined, and no variation in the character of the vena- 

 tion of the hind wings was found. 



Thus comparing the variation conditions of the wing vena- 

 tion in drones and workers, it is to be said that practically no 

 variation exists among the workers, while a frequent and in a 

 few cases extreme variation (interpolation of new cells) occurs 

 among the drones. The drones are males, and are -partheno- 

 genetically produced; the workers are females (of arrested sex- 

 ual development) and have bisexual parentage. 



To ascertain what difference, if any, existed in the amount of 

 variation (in venation of wings) between bees exposed to the 

 struggle for existence and bees not yet so exposed, a lot of 200 

 drones from a hive (Italians) in a garden on the Stanford Uni- 

 versity campus taken from the capped brood cells at a time 



