262 KELLOGG AND BELL 



frequencies of the discoverable variations in a species? Are 

 the proportions 70 to 1,031 and 38 to 1,031 really the propor- 

 tions in which individuals with fewer than 12 and more than 12 

 spots, respectively, occur in the species Hiffodamia convergens 

 where the mode or normal is exactly 12 spots? The frequen- 

 cies of the same classes of variations (given the same subclass 

 numbers) discovered in the series of 1,031, in the second series 

 of 751 are as follows : 



Class A. With 12 spots (6 on each elytron) present and 

 separate (total 673 individuals). Subclass i : 289 individuals 

 (mode) ; subclass 2 : 186 individuals ; subclass 3 : 100 individ- 

 uals ; subclass 4 : 6 individuals. New subclasses : 89 individ- 

 uals showing various other combinations of reduced spots ; 3 

 individuals showing a specially enlarged spot. 



Class B. With some spots coalescing (total of 8 individ- 

 uals). Subclass 12: 2 individuals; subclass 14: i individual ; 

 subclass 15: 4 individuals ; subclass 16: i individual. 



Class C. Lacking some of the modal 12 spots (total of 56 

 individuals). Subclass 20 : i individual ; subclass 21 : 9 indi- 

 viduals ; subclass 24 : 10 individuals ; new subclass : 2 individ- 

 uals showing an extra spot while certain modal ones are lack- 

 ing ; new subclasses : 34 other individuals showing lacking of 

 spots in 10 different combinations. 



Class D. With more than the 12 modal spots (total of 22 

 individuals). Subclass 49 : 5 individuals with one or more 

 extra spots on right elytron ; subclass 50 : 10 individuals with 

 one or more extra spots on left elytron; subclass 51 : 7 indi- 

 viduals with one or more spots on both elytra. 



As a further test of the capacity of a single series of a thou- 

 sand (more or less) individuals collected " methodically at ran- 

 dom," to represent fairly the character and frequencies of vari- 

 ations in some chosen structural characteristic of the organism, 

 we have examined another lot of 1,730 individuals of the same 

 species, collected October 25, 1902, near Stanford University 

 (a year later than the lots of 1,031 and 751 already discussed). 

 The individuals of this series were classified on the same basis 

 as the other two series, and the classes and subclasses of cor- 

 responding cliaracter given letters and numbers corresponding 



