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ALLEN 



into the renal portal veins. With Sehastodes these veins extend 

 much further cephalad than in the other genera, and in Ophio- 

 don and Sco7'pcenichthys the caudal vein receives the posterior 

 mesenteric vein immediately after entering the kidney. It is of 

 interest to note in connection with the posterior mesenteric vein, 

 that in 2 other genera of the Cottoids, namely, Calycilc^idotus 

 and Enofhrys, this vessel was absent. The right cardinal 

 always arises in the caudal end of the kidney and drains the 

 entire kidney, while the left cardinal drains only a .portion of 

 the left lobe of the kidney. The intercostal and the anterior 

 neural veins break up in the kidney. The spermatic veins vary 

 greatly in size, number, and position ; with the female they 

 arise from numerous branches, passing along the lateral surfaces 

 of the ovaries ; while in the male these branches come from the 

 inside of the testes, and the spermatic veins terminate in the 

 right cardinal or the renal portal veins. The cardinals and 

 jugulars always unite on the ventral surface of their respective 

 lobe of the kidney to form the precava, which pass around the 

 oesophagus and terminate in the sinus venosus. There is always 

 a distinctive hepatic portal system, which takes its origin from 

 a right and a left portal vein. Usually the left portal vein has 

 its source from 2 pyloric caeca veins, an intestinal, and a few 

 ventral gastric veins. In ScorpcBnichlhys it receives the entire 

 intestinal supply. The right portal ordinarily arises from a 

 right gastric, an intestinal, and a splenic vein; in Scorpcp- 

 nichthys no intestinal vein is received ; while in Sebasiodes the 

 right gastric branch receives the additional anterior air-bladder 

 vein. In Ophiodon, always, and in ScorpcBuichthys, usually, 

 the 2 portals have no connection within the liver ; while with 

 Hexagrammos a branch of the left portal anastomoses with the 

 right portal ; and in Sebasiodes and Anoplopoma the 2 portals 

 and several minor vessels empt}^ into and form a common portal. 

 As in other vertebrates the portals break up into venous capil- 

 laries within the liver, and become collected by 2 hepatic 

 veins, which unite in a hepatic sinus before emptying into the 

 sinus venosus. An interesting vein in Ophiodon and Scorpcp- 

 nichthys is the left gastric vein, which arises from the left side 

 of the stomach and empties directly into the precava. With the 



