I38 FISHER 



Freyella. Abactinal surface depressed, collapsed on account 

 of the utter absence of any sort of rigidity. On disk, small 

 roundish plates imbedded in membrane are spaced about 2 to 3 

 mm. apart, each plate being .5 to 1.25 mm. in diameter, and 

 they are slightly more crowded toward center of disk than near 

 periphery ; on ray, plates are rather more widely spaced, and 

 about 4 irregular longitudinal series are sometimes evident, 

 although often no serial arrangement is present. These small 

 plates are a trifle convex in center, and bear a single very 

 delicate needle-like spinule, most of which are encircled about 

 the middle or nearer tip by a very elegant wreath of minute 

 crossed pedicellariae. This wreath consists of a circular expan- 

 sion of membrane, the upper surface being thickly beset with 

 pedicellarias, the lower naked. These wreaths are a little 

 larger, and more crowded near center of disk. Scattered be- 

 tween the primary plates are minute grains. Papular pores 

 pierce abactinal integument, the papulae being long slender, 

 vermiform, and arranged in groups of 2 or 3 up to 10 or 12. 

 On disk they appear very crowded. Intermarginal papulae 

 present, more or less grouped. 



Marginal spines longer and stouter than abactinal and bear- 

 ing more prominent wreaths of pedicellarias. Inferomarginal 

 plates small, spaced (not in contact), closely appressed to ad- 

 ambulacral plates, to every 4 or 5 of which there is 1 inferomar- 

 ginal. Spine borne on a ventral boss of plate, on about same 

 level with adambulacral spines, not much more ventrally as in 

 Pycnofodia helianthoides. Just above each alternate infero- 

 marginal, a somewhat larger superomarginal bears a single 

 subequal wreathed spine. These plates touch the inferomar- 

 ginals and are elongated transversely. Opposite the remaining 

 inferomarginals they are very small and rudimentary, reduced 

 to a tiny ossicle devoid of a spinelet, and wholly invisible until 

 skin is dried. Near base of rav each inferomarginal has a 

 spiniferous superomarginal adjacent to it, but soon the alternate 

 superomarginals, as noted above, lose their spine and atrophy. 

 Comparatively few of the inferomarginal spines have a forfici- 

 form pointed pedicellaria at their base .75 mm. in length. This 

 may stand on plate near base of spine. 



