"CERATOPS beds" OF WYOMING AND MONTANA 277 



east to Medicine Bow had been previously studied by A. C. Veatch/* 

 and as Veatch at first had supervision of Smith's work the same strati- 

 graphic units were recognized and used in both areas. With some 

 variations in thickness and hthologic character the Mesaverde and 

 the Lewis of the two areas correspond very closely. The " Laramie" 

 of Smith's report was called "Lower Laramie" by Veatch and extends 

 up to the same unconformity, with a reported thickness of 6500 feet. 

 Veatch's "Upper Laramie" of this area with the addition at the top of 

 1200 feet of beds referred to Fort Union, apparently corresponds very 

 well with Smith's "undifferentiated Tertiary." 



The " Upper Laramie" has a basal conglomerate " composed largely 

 of pebbles derived from the underlying Cretaceous rocks" and in part 

 of the area it overlaps several of the older formations. It includes 

 the coal beds mined at Carbon, Dana, and Hanna. The flora associ- 

 ated with the coal at Carbon has long been known and has been the 

 subject of much discussion. It has usually been classed with the 

 flora of Evanston as later than the other floras formerly referred to the 

 Laramie, but the question whether it belongs to the Fort Union or to 

 some other flora must wait until the plants have been thoroughly 

 restudied with fuller collections made with careful reference to the 

 stratigraphy of the region. 



The invertebrate collections from both the "Upper" and "Lower 

 Laramie" have been very meager. The localities and horizons of the 

 different lots as given on the field labels have been compared with the 

 published geologic map, and the evidence will be recorded as it 

 stands. 



A brackish-water fauna, represented by Osirea and Corbicula, was 

 collected at several localities in the "Lower Laramie" and also in the 

 Lewis and Mesaverde. Only one lot is from a locality mapped as 

 "Upper Laramie" and that is from sec. 21, T. 24 N., R. 81 W., at 

 the lower boundary of the formation where lower beds are probably 

 exposed. As brackish-water shells have not been found above this 

 major unconformity elsewhere in the region it is fair to assume that 

 this lot was collected below it. 



A fresh-water fauna like that of Black Buttes is indicated by a 



" Coalfields of east-central Carbon County, Wyoming, Bull. U. S. Geol. 



Survey, No. 316, 1907, pp. 244-260. 



