THE LICHEN FLORA OF THE SANTA CRUZ PENINSULA 53 



V. Porina (Ach.) Mull. Arg. 



Porina Acharius, Lich. Univ. 60. 18 10. 

 Porina Mull. Arg., 



Thallus uniform crustaceous, upon or within the substratum, with 

 Trentepohlia algae. Apothecia simple, scattered, with clear or dark, 

 entire or dimidiate perithecium, with an apical pore. Paraphyses 

 simple, free. Spores 6 to 8, ellipsoid, spindle-shaped and needle-like, 

 bilocular or multilocular, colorless. 



A genus of wide distribution, with about 150 species dwelling on 

 bark and rocks, of which but one seems to occur here. 



I. PORINA CARPINEA (Pers.) A. Zahlbr. 



Verrucarla carpinea Persoon, in Ach. Meth. Lich. 120. 1803. 

 Verrucaria carpinea Schaerer, Enumer. Crit. Lich. Europ. 221. 1850. 

 Porina carpinea A. Zahlbr., Ascolichenes, 66. 1907. 



Thallus thin, uniform, effuse or sometimes limitate, pale ashy or 

 greenish brown to brown; KOH leaves a brown stain. 



Apothecia numerous, scattered, minute, black, often shining or 

 apically polished, rather prominent, hemispherical or sometimes sub- 

 globose; the minute apical pore readily seen; perithecium dimidiate, 

 the amphithecium pale; spores fusiform, bilocular to quadrilocular, 



15-18 



Common on various trees in the foothills and mountains. Com- 

 mon over the temperate regions of Europe and America. 



GYMNOCARPEtE. 



A. Disk of the apothecia more or less open; paraphyses forming a net" 

 work over the asci and holding a protruding sporal mass which con- 

 ceals the disk, the mazaedium of authors ConiocarpinecB 



A A. Paraphyses and spores not forming a mazaedium. 



B. Apothecia linear, elongate, ellipsoid, or rarely circular. 



Graphidinecs 

 BB. Apothecia circular Cyclocarpinece 



CONIOCARPINE^. 



Thallus crustaceous, leafy, or fruticose, without rhizoids; algae 

 Pleurococcus, Protococcus, Stichococcus, or Trentepohlia. Apothecia 

 with a more or less open disk; asci usually cylindrical and soon dis- 



