I 54 HERRE 



I. PANNARIA CONOPLEA (Pers.) E. Fries. 



Lichen conopleus Persoon, Ust. Ann. Bot. 1794. 

 Parmelia conoplea Ach. Lich. Univ. 467. 1810. 

 Pannaria conoplea E. Fries, Lich. Europ. Reform. 88. 183 1. 

 Pannariaruhiginosa h. conoplea Tuck. Syn. N.Am. Lich. 1: 120. 

 1882. 



Thallus of foliaceous, more or less orbiculate, medium-sized, thick- 

 ish squamules, from scattered or imbricate, and crenate or incised 

 lobate, passing into a thickly compacted, rough, chinky crust; color 

 yellow, brown or buff; the margin gray sorediose, soon densely covered 

 with blue or gray-blue granules which finally entirely obscure the 

 whole upper surface except at the immediate circumference. 



Always sterile with us. 



A common lichen on sandstone and the base of tree trunks, usu- 

 ally among mosses. Found in both Europe and North America. 



Pannaria lanuginosa. 



The thick, white or yellowish white, powdery, sterile growth de- 

 scribed as Amphiloma or Leproloma or Pannaria lanuginosa is not 

 rare with us on perpendicular or overhanging rocks, or on mossy 

 banks. 



It is probably an undeveloped stage of some Hchen, due to its habi- 

 tat, and is not to be considered a genuine species. Pannaria lanu- 

 ginosa Tuck. Syn. N. Am. Lich. 1:117. 1882. 



STICTACEiE. 



Thallus fohaceous, large or very large, the fronds expanded, wide 

 lobed, seldom ascendant, attached to the substratum by rhizoids 

 which may form a nap or fleece; both sides with cortex; alga Pa/me//a 

 or Nostoc; under-surface dotted with cyphella^ or pale bare spots. 



Apothecia scattered or marginal, shield-like, sessile,disk red-brown 

 and darkening; spores colorless or brown, spindle or needle-shaped, 

 two-to multilocular. 



KEY TO GENERA. 



Under surface of thallus without cyphellae XXXVIII Lobaria 



Under surface of thallus with cyphellae XXXIX Sticta 



