192 HERRE 



Occurring throughout on rocks and the earth in their crevices; less 

 often on old fences and on trees. Often scattered over the surface of 

 other crustaceous lichens, when the thallus may be reduced to a few 

 granules about the apothecia, or entirely absent. Found once (var. 

 epixantha) on old leather. 



Generally distributed over the Northern Hemisphere. 



PARMELIACEJE. 



Thallus foUaceous, laterally expanded or more or less ascendant 

 to sub-fruticose; in our representatives attached by rhizoids; dorsi- 

 ventral, cortex on both sides or only above; alga Pleurococcus. 



Apothecia circular, sessile or on very short pedicels, with thalline 

 margin; paraphyses branched or unbranched, often imbedded in a 

 firm jelly; asci with 6-8 (rarely 16 or more) simple, colorless spores. 

 Spermatia endo- or rarely exobasidial. 



KEY TO GENERA. 



A . Asci multisporous XL VIII. Candelaria 



A A. Asci 6-8 sporous 



B. Thallus fiat, usually appressed, beneath brown or dark, more 



or less fibrillose; apothecia scattered XLIX. Parmelia 



BB. Thallus sub-fruticose to fruticose. 



C. Apothecia marginal or terminal L. Cetraria 



CC. Apothecia originating on under side of lobes, later appar- 

 ently marginal or terminal by the turning of the lobes 



LI. Nephromopsis 



XL VIII. Candelaria Mass. 



Candelaria Massalongo, Mon. Lich. Blast. 62. 1853. 



Thallus small, laciniately dissected, yellow; no reaction with KOH. 



Apothecia small, lecanorine, sessile, the disk nearly the color of 

 the thallus; asci ventricose-clavate, with 16 or more spores; these 

 small, elUpsoid or ovoid, simple or falsely bilocular. 



Three species of wide distribution, growing on bark, wood, and 

 mosses. 



I. CANDELARIA CONCOLOR (Dicks.) Wainio. 



Lichen concolor Dicks. PI. Crypt. Brit. II, 18. pi. 9, /. 8. 1793. 

 Candelaria concolor Wainio, Etud. Lich. Bresil, 70. 1890, 



