Muscii))i-Histoi-y and Afiiscjinis of History. 79 



show the evohition of ciiUiire and civilization without regard to race. 

 This broader plan admits much material excluded by the advocates of 

 ethnographic museums, who devote their attention almost exclusively to 

 the primitive or non-European peoples. 



In close relation to the ethnographic museums are those which are 

 devoted to some .special field of human thought and interest. Most 

 remarkable among these probably is the Musee Guiniet, recelitly 

 removed from L,yons to Paris, which is intended to illustrate the history' 

 of religious ceremonial among all races of men. 



Other good examples of this class are some of those in Paris, such as 

 the Musee de Marine, which .shows not only the development of the 

 merchant and naval marines of the country, but also, by trophies and 

 other historical .souvenirs, the hi.story of the naval battles of the nation. 



The Musee d'Artillerie does for war, but less thoroughly, what the 

 Marine Museum does in its own department, and there are .similar 

 museums in other countries. 



Historical museums are manifold in character, and of necessity' local in 

 interest. Some relate to the history of provinces or cities. One of the 

 oldest and best of the.se is the Marki.sch Provinzial Museum in Berlin. 

 Man}' historical .societies have collections of this character. 



There are mu.seums which illustrate the history of particular towns, 

 events, and individuals. The museum of the city of Paris, in the Hotel 

 des Invalides, is one of these. The niu,seum of the Hohenzollerns, in 

 Berlin, contains interesting mementos of the reigning family of Ger- 

 many. The cathedrals of .southern pAirope, and St. Paul's, in London, 

 are in some degrees national or civic museums. The Galileo Museum 

 in Florence, the Shakespeare Mu.seum at Stratford, are good examples 

 of the nuiseums devoted to the memory' of representative men and the 

 Monastery of St. Mark, in Florence, does as much as could be expected 

 of any nuiseum for the life of Savonarola. The vSoane Mu.seum in Lon- 

 don, the Thorvald.sen Mu.seum in Copenhagen, are similar in purpose 

 and result, but they are rather biographical than hi.storical. There are 

 also others which illustrate the history of a race, as the Bavarian National 

 Museum in Nuremberg. 



The study of civilization or the history of culture and of the develop- 

 ments of the various arts and indu.stries have brought into Ijeing .special 

 collections which are exceedingly significant and u.seful. Doctor Klennn 

 and General Pitt-Rivers, in England, were pioneers in the founding of 

 collections of this kind, and their work is permanently preserved in the 

 Mu.seum fiir Volkerkunde, in Leipzig and at the University of Oxford. 



Nearly every mu.seum which admits ethnological material is doing 

 something in this direction. There are a number of beginnings of this 

 .sort in this ver}' building. 



The best of the art mu.seums are historically arranged and .show 

 admirably the development of the pictorial and plastic art.s — some, like 



