TJic Principles of Museum Adniiiiis/rafion. 213 



similar institutions in Ivurope, whether as regards the general puhlic, the private 

 student, or the specialist. 



Next in order after the zoological sections of the museums in London and Paris, 

 stands those of the Imperial Cabinet in Vienna; those in Berlin, Leyden, Copen- 

 hagen, Christiania, Brussels, and Florence, and the La Plata Museum iu Argentina, 

 so rich in paleontological material. 



The best type of the botanical museum is perhaps the Royal Garden at Kew, with 

 its colossal herbarium and its special museum of economic botany, both standing in 

 the midst of great botanic gardens. The Royal Botanical Museum in Berlin and 

 the herbaria of the Imperial Botanical Garden in St. Petersburg are other examples. 



Of specialized geological museums, the Imperial Cabinet in Vienna is a good 

 type. The Museum of Practical Geology in London, founded to exhibit the collec- 

 tions of the survey of the United Kingdom, and also in order to show the applica- 

 tions of geology to the useful processes of life, is another type of the same class. 

 The department of economic geology in the Field Columbian Museum of Chicago — 

 an outgrowth of the exposition of 1S93— represents this idea in the New World. 



Besides the great special museums, there are the museums of local natural history, 

 intended to show the natural history of a special region, or it may be to illustrate its 

 resources in some restricted branch. 



The Royal Museum of Vertebrates in Florence, devoted to the vertebrate fauna 

 of Italy, is a type of this class, and many local museums are so prominent in some 

 special field (such as ornithology or entomology) that their other activities attract 

 little attention. 



E. — TKCHNOLOGICAL OR INDUSTRIAL MUSEUMS. 



1 . Tlie miisetiiii of technology or industrial mtiseuni is devoted to the 

 industrial arts and mantifactures, including : 



( 1 ) Materials and their sources. 



(2) Tools and machinery. 



(3) Methods and processes. 

 ('4) Products and results. 



(5) Waste products and inideveloped resources. 

 The interests here treated are thus classified : 



(i) Primary or exploitative indu.stries (as agriculture, mining, or the 

 fisheries). 



(2) Secondary or clal)orative industries (as the textile industries, the 

 ceramic industries). 



(3) Auxiliary industries (as transportation). 



(4) Technical profes.sions (as engineering, war, medicine, engraving). 

 The final product of one industry (primary or secondary) may become 



a material or tool in another art industry or handicraft. 



2. Technological museums come in contact with others as follows: 

 With the natural history museum in respect to ])rimary materials; 

 With the anthropological museum in the matter of tools and processes, 



especially if historical and retro.spective collections are undertaken; 

 With the art museimi in regard to certain products in which a high 



degree of aesthetic merit has been attained; 

 With the commercial nuiscum in respect to all products and materials 



used in commerce and maiuifactures. 



