The Mil scums of tJic T'liliire. 257 



National Museum \vith anthropological, /oolos^ical, l)otanioal, inineral- 

 oi;ical, and theological collections in one organization, together with a 

 large additional department of arts and industries, or technology. 



Passing to specialized natural histor>- collections, perhaps the most 

 noteworthy are those devoted to zoology, and chief among them that 

 in our own American Cambridge. The Museum of Comparative Zool- 

 ogy, founded by the Agassizes "to illustrate the history of creation, 

 as far as the present state of knowledge reveals that histor}'," was in 

 1887 pronounced by the English naturalist, Alfred Russell Wallace, "to 

 be far in advance of similar institutions in luu'ope as an educational 

 institution, whether as regards the general public, the private student, 

 or the specialist." 



Next to Cambridge, after the zoological section of the nuiseums of 

 London and Paris, stands the collections in the Imperial Calnnet in 

 \'ienna, and those of the zoological museums in Berlin, Leyden, Copen- 

 hagen, and Christiania. 



Among l)otanical museums, that in the Royal Gardens at Kew, near 

 London, is preeminent, with its colossal herbarium, containing the finest 

 collection in the world, and its special nuiseum of economic botanv, 

 founded in 1847, both standing in the midst of a collection of living- 

 plants-. There is also in Berlin the Royal Botanical Museum, founded 

 in 18 18 as the Royal Herbarium; in vSt. Petersbtu'g, the Herbaria of tlie 

 Im])erial Botanical Garden. 



Among the geological and mineralogical collections the mineral cabinet 

 in Vienna, arranged in the imperial ca.stle, is among the first. 



The Museum of Practical Geology in London, which is attached to 

 the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom, was founded in 1837, to 

 exhibit the collections of the survey, in order to "show the applications 

 of geology to the u.seful purposes of life." Like every other healthy 

 museum, it soon had investigations in progress in connection with it:^ 

 educational work, and man}- very important discoveries have been made 

 in its laboratories. It .stands in the very first rank of nuiseums for po; - 

 ular instruction, the arrangement of the exhilntion halls being most 

 admiral)le. Of nuiseums of anatoni}' there are thirty of considerable 

 magnitude, all of which have grown up in connection with .schools of 

 medicine and .surgery, except the magnificent Army Medical Mu.seum in 

 Washington. 



The Medical Mu.seum of the Royal College of vSurgeons in London is 

 probably first in importance. The collections of St. Thomas's, Gu\-'s, 

 vSt. George's, and other hospitals are ver>' rich in anatonncal and patho- 

 logical .specimens. The oldest pul)lic anatomical museum in London is 

 that of St. Bartholomew's. 



Paris, Edinburgh, and Dublin have large anatomical and materia 

 medica collections. As a rule, the medical nuiseums of Ivirope are con- 

 nected with iiniversities. Doctor Billings, ctu'ator of the Army Medical 

 NAT MUS 97, I'T 2 17 



