314 Memorial of George Broztni Croode. 



a century of trial the land-grant college system has not onl}- demon- 

 strated its right to exist, but is by many regarded as forming one of the 

 chief strongholds of our national scientific prosperity. ' 



One of the most important effects of the movement has been to stimulate 

 the establishment of State scientific schools and universities, and every 

 one of the forty-two Commonwealths has already a university or a college 

 performing, or intended to perform, university functions. 



It is worthy of remark that with six exceptions every State has in less 

 than twenty years of its admivSsion had a vState college or university of 

 its own. Onh' twelve have delayed more than ten years, and fifteen 

 have come into the Union already equipped. Ten of these were colonies 

 and original States. All l)Ut one of the remainder were those admitted 

 in 1889, for each of our four new States was provided with the nucleus 

 of a State universit}^ before it sought admission to the Union. Twenty- 

 eight of the State and Territorial universities had their origin in land 

 grants from the General Government other than those for agricultural 

 and mechanical colleges.' 



The completeness of the State system of scientific educational institu- 

 tions is in marked contrast with that of the scientific .societies in the 

 same vStates, organized by the direct action of the people rather than by 

 government. 



Academies of science bearing the names of the States of our confedera- 

 tion and often sanctioned by their laws, may be regarded as in some sense 

 national. Although nearly all of our States have historical societies, only 

 twelve of the forty-two have academies of science, or organizations which 

 are their equivalent. That there should be in 1889 thirty States with- 

 out academies of science, and fourteen States and Territories in which 



' The following .statements were made in a report of the committee of the Honse 

 of Representatives, March 3, 1886: 



The act appropriating script to the amount of 30,000 acres for eacn Senator and 

 Representative in Congress for the endowment of colleges for the benefit of agricul- 

 ture and the mechanic arts, which was passed in 1862, has been fruitful. Some of 

 the States endowed single colleges while others divided the gift between two or 

 three. There were 17,430,000 acres of script and land granted, and the fund arising 

 from their sales is 1^7,545,405. This has been increased by gifts from the States and 

 from benevolent individuals of grounds, buildings, and apparatus to the amount of 

 15,000,000 more. And the last reports show that the.se colleges employed more than 

 400 profes-sors, and had under instruction more than 4,000 students. This donation 

 of the public funds has been eminently profitable for the Government and the countr}-. 

 Many thousands of young men educated in science have already gone out from their 

 colleges to engage in the practical duties of life, and the provision is made for 

 sending out a continued succession of the.se for all future time. And as science is 

 not limited by State l>oundaries, it makes but little difference for the connnon good 

 which of the.se institutionsorStatestlie.se graduates come from; their attainments 

 are for the common good. 



^'See Appendix E, and also F. W. Blackmar's Hi.story of Federal and vState Aid to 

 Higher Education, etc., Washington, 1890. 



