B<)(4()SL()K VOLCANOES. 369 



lower than the middle peak, uiul the depression between the two had 

 become a long, deepl}^ excavated saddle (tig-. 3). 



The illustrations already given show the island from the side, and 

 give a false impression of its stability and form. When -een "end 

 on," it tippears as a narrow-crested ridge. It 

 was described by Dall in 1878 as "'a sharp, ser- 

 rated ridge, about 850 feet in height, very nar- 

 row, the sides meeting above in a very acute .y .^^ , 

 angle, where they are broken into a number of ^ _, ^<^/^/' /y^\ 

 inaccessible pinnacles" (fig. 4). This extreme kig. 4.-Eud view of Bog^.^slof 



hj. i. • 11 u J. J from the southeast in 1873. 



as, or course, materially hastened After Daii. 



the disintegration of the upper part of the 



volcano. Some idea of the loss between 1873 and 1890 may be had 



by comparing Dall's sketch (fig. -l) with a photograph taken by the 



Alhatros6 in 1890 (fig. 5). 



When the Harriman expedition visited Bogoslof on the evening of 



Julv 8. 1899, fog rested so heavilv on the summit that the form of the 



4 



Fig. B.— Old and New Bogoslof from the sontheast in 1890. From photo by U. S. Fish Commission. 



two highest peaks could not be completely made out, but the lowness 

 of the ridge as a whole, the small size of the northwest peak, and the 

 depth of the notch separating it from the rest of the mass, told too 

 plainly of the rapidit}' with which the destruction is going on and 

 foreshadowed the eventual downfall of the peaks. 



NEW BOGOSLOF OR GREWINGK." 



The towering cliffs of Old Bogoslof no longer battle alone with the 

 angry storms of Bering Sea, for close at hand a new island has risen. 

 \\j& birth was not witnessed by human eye; no earthquake shock 

 marked its advent, and the date of its upheaval ma}" never be known. 

 It was first seen b}' Captain Anderson of the schooner Matthew Turner, 

 on September 27, 1883, and was then in active eruption, throwing out 

 large masses of heated rock and great volumes of smoke, steam, and 

 ashes, which came from the apex and from numerous fissures on the 

 sides and base, some of which were below the surface of the sea, 



■'Captain Hague suggested for the new islet the name "New Bogo.slof," and Dall, 

 in an article published in Science in January, 1884, proposed that it be named 

 "Cirewingk," in honor of the Russian Grewingk, who, in 1850, published an impor- 

 tant com])ilation of the various early accounts relating to Old Bogoslof, 



8M 1<>()1 2-i 



