ABBOTT COLLECTION FROM ANDAMAN ISLANDS. 481 



dwellers, or Aryotoda^ and the juno-le people, or Erem-tagadd, who 

 are allied in all re.s})ects except in their mode of life. It is impossible 

 to determine the population. ])ut Mr. Man estimates that the entire 

 group contains about 4,()(M) souls. 



CLOTHING AND ORNAMENTS. 



No clothing is worn by either sex. Its place is taken in a measure 

 f)v necklaces, circlets for the head, garters, ])racelets, and belts. The 

 materials used are screw-pine leaves, fringes of vegetable tiber, shells, 

 orchid stems, fine netting, animal, and even human bones. Besides 

 these, the skulls of the departed, their jaws, etc., usually painted red 

 with white markings, and ornamented with shells, are worn suspended 

 al)out the neck. Two skulls prepared in this way are shown on Pi. \, 

 tigs. 8 and 1) and PI. Y. Figs. 11 and 12 and PI. VI show human jaws 

 ornamented with shells; fig. 10, a necklace made of the vertebra of a 

 half-grown child, also painted red and adorned with shell pendants; 

 tigs. 3, 5, 6, necklaces or head circlets of shells; fig. 13, a necklace of 

 turtle bones; fig. 14, a head circlet of vegetable fiber: and fig. 21, the 

 stems of an orchid. 



The costume of a man consists of garters (figs, lit and 20), bracelets 

 (figs. 24 and 25), and wristlets (figs. 17 and 18) of pandanus leaves, 

 often with the crumpled ends of the leaves forming a kind of tass<*r 

 and sometimes ornamented with a fringe of shells (figs. 1<S, 19, 20); a 

 folded pandanus leaf or circlet around the head, and a bodda, or belt 

 (figs. 22 and 23) about the waist, from which two or four tufts of the 

 pandanus leaves comi)osing the belt hang down behind. 



Women often wear four or five and even eight hod-das. In addi- 

 tion to the tufts of pandanus leaves, which hang down behind, they 

 wear a diminutive apron of green leaves (fig. 16), which is kept in 

 position b}" the lown'st belt. Married women wear the i'H</itii-da (fig. 

 1.5), which is a ))road belt or hoop of pandanus leaves, ornamented on 

 the outside by transverse or diagonal markings of red wax. Belts are 

 sometimes made of simple strips of rattan (fig. 2). Slings are worn 

 either l)y men or women (fig. 4) m the form of broad straps of l)ark, 

 ornamented by red ocher and white clay, and are used for carrving 

 babies. 



The skulls of pigs (PI. I, fig. 7) and fish (fig. 1) are often })ainted 

 with red ocher and white clay, and kept as trophies. 



HAmTATTONS. 



Three kinds of huts are erected by the Great Andaman tribes in 



their permanent and temporary encampments. The most durable of 



these consists of a roof of thatch made fi-om the leavers of a species of 



Calamus neatly plaited and fastened togeiher with cane, and laid in 



SM 1901 31 



