502 



DEVELOPMENT OF PKIMAL SHAPINO ARTS. 



There is little prospect of securing examples of the earliest products 

 of men's hands, as they were probably executed in destructible mate- 

 rials and have long since disappeanxl. As soon, however, as the 

 shaping operations extended to stone, i)ermanent records were made 

 and many artifacts, representing all stages and periods, are still extant, 

 forming the only actual evidence of the earl}' struggles and achieve- 

 ments of the race. Archaeologists are engaged in collecting these 

 remains and arranging them according to the plan suggested bj^ the 

 general scheme of evolution, applying the result to the elucidation of 

 human history. 



Consideration of the entire body of phenomena of art in stone is 

 not possible in the present study, and I shall confine myself to a small 

 portion of the held — to the initial stages. 



A glance at the accompanying synopsis will conve}'^ a definite notion 

 of the relation of the group of phenomena here to be considered to the 

 whole field of the shaping arts. These arts ma\^ be divided primaril}^ 

 into manual and physical groups. The first includes all those things 

 shaped directly by the human hand, aided by mechanical appliances; 

 the second includes those in which the manual operations are assisted 

 by physical processes or agents, such as heat, acids, and electricity. 



The manual arts employ mainly six groups of processes, to which I 

 have given the names fracturing, bruising, abrading, incising, model- 

 ing, and constructing. Four of these groups — the four placed first in 

 the s^'nopsis — are concerned in our studies of the earliest culture, and 

 pertain to the shaping of stone in its elementary utilization. 



.Shaping arts 



Manual arts..' 



SYNOPSIS OF THE SHAPING ARTS. 



I Splitting, 

 breaking, 

 flaking, etc. 

 I Battering, 

 pecking, etc. 

 bushing, 

 (Grinding, 

 rubbing, 

 polishing, etc. 

 fCutting, 



4. Incising jincising, 



ipiercing, etc. 

 fMolding, 



5. Modeling ...jstamping, 

 Ihamniering, etc 



I Building, 

 weaving, 

 sewing, etc. 



1. Heat fracture. 



2. Explosion fracture. 



iPhysical arts J' 



;i Etching. 



4. Electro-depositing. 



