AMERICAN ABORIGINAL PIPES AND SMOKING CUSTOMS. 387 



at other times blew, but both as hard as they were able. Sometimes 

 the tube was filled with cimarron, or wild tobacco, lighted"^ [Xicotiana 

 attenuata\. 



The same practice is referred to about 1766, while these same people 

 were still living under primitive conditions. It was said "the priests 

 never abandon the Californian, but on the contrary they redouble 

 their cries, and they are heard on the whole raucheria when the sick- 

 ness gets to the point where herbs, sweets, chichuaco and cimarron or 

 wild tobacco no longer produce effect." - 



Professor Putnam's description of smoking by the Klamath Indians 

 would probably apply equally to the smoking of the California or 

 other tubular pipes. He says "it amused me to see an Indian bending 

 back his head to bring the 

 pipe in a vertical position, 

 so as not to lose any to- 

 bacco while taking a long 

 draught, which he inhales 

 the longer to enjoy the 

 opportunity, as the pipe 

 must be passed on."^ 



Dr. Greorge M. Dawson 

 refers also to straight 

 pipes of steatite, shaped very much like a cigar holder, which are 

 marked with incised lines,found among the Shushwap people at the 

 confluence of the Fraser and Thompson rivers in British Columbia.^ 



Fig. 19, it will be observed, was intended for a tubular pipe, and 

 was found at Newport, Cook County, Tennessee, by Mr. J. W. Emmert. 

 It is of a grayish serpentine, 4| inches long, with an exterior diameter 

 of li inches at its thickest part. It is, however, an elongated, flattened 

 elipsoidal cone, the raised rim of which is quite unusual and some- 

 what ornamental. This specimen is in an unfinished condition and 

 therefore doubly interesting, as it shows much of the process by which 

 such pipes were made. The bowl has been excavated to a depth of 

 barely Ih inches, and the stem hole is bored not over three-eighths of 

 an inch, apparently by means of a stone drill, as the striae are quite 

 irregular, though the cavity of the bowl has been enlarged subsequent 

 to drilling by a sharp-pointed tool, which left longitudinal marks 

 similar to those so commonly noticed in specimens found in the States 

 along the Middle Atlantic as far west certainly as the Mississippi 

 River, along the Missouri, and in the Rocky Mountains. The common 

 drill point of the California coast appears to differ from those used in 

 the East, the former being made of a gritty stone of ovoid shape, 



Fig. 19. 



UNFINISHED TUBDLAE STONE PIPE. 



Cook County, Tennessee. 



No. 916S1, U.S.N.M. Collecte.l by J. W. Emmert. 



•Charles C. Jones, Antiquities of the Southern Indians, p. 363, New York, 1873, 

 quoting Natural and Civil History of California. 

 ^Histoirede la Californie, I, p. 133, translated from English, Paris. 1766. 

 'Reports of the Peabody Museum of American Arcb;eology, II, p. 268, 

 ^Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, IX, 1891, p. 12. 



