388 



REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1897. 



Pifi. 20. 



TUBUI^R PIPE OF SOFT, INDURATED CLAY. 

 Santa Barbara, California. 



Cat. No. 20432, U.S.N. M. Collected by Paul Schumacher 



several fine specimens of which, some still showing the asphaltum by 

 which they were attached to the drill shaft, are preserved in the Ameri- 

 can Museum of Natural History in ^ew York City. The surface of 

 this specimen shows distinctly both the circular and the longitudinal 

 striae of the stone or shell scraper with which the form has been given. 

 Pipes of this type with few exceptions, so far as the writer has observed, 

 have been drilled by means of solid drills, though, as showing that 

 there are exceptions at times, Thruston ^ illustrates one partially exca- 

 vated which was bored by means of a 

 hollow drill. 



Fig. 20, though a tubular pipe, dif- 

 fers materially in shape from the usual 

 California type. This one is from Santa 

 Barbara, and was collected by Paul 

 Schumacher, its length being 3 inches, 

 with a diameter varying from three- 

 fourths of an inch to 1^ inches. This 

 tube is made from a clayey substance 

 quite as soft as chalk; in color it is a light pink, and the specimen 

 might well be taken for pottery by a casual observer, or even for catli- 

 nite. Mr. Stephen Powers states that the Mshinani Indians of Bear 

 Eiver, California, smoke a wild tobacco called by Prof. Asa Gray 

 NicoUana quadrivalvis, and by Professor Bolander N. plumhaginifolia^ 

 which they use alone or mixed with the leaves of manzanita (Arcto- 

 staphylos glauca). Mr. A. W. Chase says the Klamaths cultivate it, 

 which is the only instance of California cultivation. He says the pipe 

 pan-em-ku-lah is generally made of 

 serpentine (of wood nowadays), shaped 

 like a cigar.^ 



Prof. J. T. Kothrock obtained from 

 the shell mounds in California a to- 

 bacco, probably the NicoUana cleve- 

 landi, and says the N. rustica (now 

 rare) was formerly cultivated there. 

 In Arizona they cultivated the iV. ta- 

 hacum, known as Ya(iui tobacco, and 



refers to Gray's saying that JV. quadrivalvis was cultivated from Oregon 

 to Missouri. He also calls attention to the Hudson's Bay men using 

 the dried leaves of the bear berry to eke out the supply of tobacco. ' 



Fig. 21 is a sandstone pipe 3 inches long, having a greatest diameter 

 of slightly more than an inch. It is from Frankfort, Kentucky, and 

 was collected by Dr. Robert Peter. This tube has been bored through 

 by a one-half inch drill; for approximately 2 inches of its length the 



' Antiquities of Tennessee, p. 192, fig. 90. 



2 Contributions to North American Ethnology, III, fig. 43. 



3 Letter to Dr. E. A. Barber of Philadeliihia, Pennsylvania. 



Fig. 21. 

 SANDSTONE TUBE. 



Frankfort, Kentucky. 



n,',;-.', U.S.N. M. Collfite,! l)v Rril.crt IVlcr. 



