AMERICAN ABORIGINAL PIPES AND SMOKING CUSTOMS. 393 



Fig. 'Js. 

 SANDSTONE TUBULAR PIPE. 



Hupa Reservation. 



U. S. National Museum. Collected by Lieut. 1'. H. Rav. 



usually are, tliey would have had bowls alike, though among the Hupa, 

 to a greater degree thau has been detected among other natives, pipes 

 have been made of a greater variety in shape than has been observed 

 to be the case with almost any other type with which we are acquainted. 

 They appear to be comparatively modern, and it is strongly to be 

 suspected that the 

 multiform shape of 

 the Hupa pipe has 

 been largely iniiu- 

 enced by the outside 

 demand for speci- 

 mens as curiosities. 

 There is in no imple- 

 ment found in America a greater observance of conventionalism of 

 form thau is the case among the pipes, and in those localities where the 

 greatest variety exists investigation demonstrates that the smoking 

 habit itself has been adopted within the last century. These varie- 

 ties are most marked along the Pacific 

 coast among the Hupa and Babeens. 



Fig. 28 is a fine-grained tubular sand- 

 stone, showing unusual mechanical skill 

 in its manufacture, being 7 inches long, 

 with a diameter at the larger end of three- 

 fourths of an inch; the walls of the tube 

 do not exceed one-sixteenth of an inch at 

 the mouth of the bowl, increasing gradually to one-eighth inch at the 

 smaller end. The outer surface is ground to a dull polish, and the inte- 

 rior shows striae running the length of the implement, made apparently 

 by means of a file or similar tool. 

 Fig. 29 differs in no material re- 

 spect from the simplest form of 

 conical tubes found throughout the 

 continent, except in the slightly 

 raised rim around the smaller end. 

 It is made of steatite, and has a 

 length of 2f inches. This rim is 

 similar to one on the bowl of the unfinished pipe from Cook County, 

 Tennessee (fig. 19), and would indicate that it was intended simply for 

 ornament and not for the attachment of a string. 



Fig. 30 is of wood, being the pipe used by the Hupas at the present 

 time, and is 3 inches long, with a greatest diameter of three-fourths of 

 an inch, the bowl being about seven-eighths of an inch deep, from which 

 there runs a narrow stem hole to the smaller end. 



Fig. 31 shows the shape of the tobacco bag of these people, and is 

 made from strips of the roots of the spruce, split into strings and woven 

 together; six buck.skin loops are attached to its rim in such a manner 



Fig. 29. 



STEATITE TUBULAR PIPE. 



Hupa Reservation. 



U. S. National Mu 



11. Collected by Lieut. P. H. 

 Ray. 



Fig. 30. 



TUBULAR WOOD PIPE. 



Hui)a Keservation. 



U. S. National Museum. Collected bv Lieut. 1". II. Rav. 



