AMERICAN ABORIGINAL PIPES AND SMOKING CUSTOMS. 305 



guarded by tlieir owners, iu cases or coverings of skiu, basketry work, 

 bark, or woven ragts.^ 



Tlie Northwestern California pipe has been referred to by Mr. Henry 

 K. Schoolcraft, <iuotiug- Col. Roderick McKee, as " a straight stick, the 

 bowl being a continua- 

 tion of the stem en- 

 larged into a knob and 

 held perpendicularly 

 when smoking." - 



There is iu the U. S. 

 National Museum col- 

 lection a small serpen- 

 tine tube, collected by Rev. Stephen Bowers at Santa Cruz Island, Cali- 

 fornia, 3 inches long, with a greatest diameter of five-eighths of an 

 inch; around the middle and on each end of which are three or four 

 parallel incised lines, and on one end of which there yet remains 



Fig. 34. 



WOOD AND STONE PIPE. 



Hupa Keservation. 



U. S. National Museum. Collected bv Li^ut. P. II. Ka 



Fig. 35. 

 WOOD AND STONE PIPE. 



Hupa Reservation. 



U. S. National Museum. Collected by Lieut. P. H. Ray. 



attached, by means of asphaltum, part of a circular row of flat shell 

 beads. A similar specimen from Santa Barbara is iu the Douglass 

 collection. While these latter tubes have perforations too small to 

 allow of their being smoked as pipes, they are interesting as showing 



a i)eculiar beadwork on 

 stone, which would likely 

 be found also as an orna- 

 mentation of the tubular 

 pipe, such having in fact 

 been recorded in several 

 instances. 



Fig. 38 shows a concre- 

 tion found near ^lorgan- 

 town. West Virginia, which was supposed to have been of artificial 



WOOD AND STONE PIPE. 



Hupa Reservation. 



U. S. National Museum. Collected by Lieut. P. H. Ray. 



' Otis T. Mason, The Ray Collection from Hupa Reservation, Smithsonian Report, 

 1886, plates xv, xvi, pp. 219, 220. 

 '^North American Indian Tribes, Pt. .3, j.p. 107, 141, Philadelphia, 1847. 



