AMERICAN ABORIGINAL PIPES AND SMOKING CUSTOMS. 399 



conoidal pipes are so alike in their uaiiow ueck or point of contraction 

 about tlieir centers as to suggest the likelihood of the plant smoked 

 causing the fire to fall into the smoker's mouth, especially when it is 

 considered that the tube almost of necessity had to be held perpendicu- 

 larly in smoking. 



Fig. 40, said to come from a mound near Ashland, Kentucky, belongs 

 to the typical tubular hourglass type. It is now in the collection of Mr. 

 A. E. Douglass, of Xew York City. It is 9 inches long, the bowl outside 

 being If inches wide. It must be admitted that this pipe, from an artis- 

 tic point of view, evidences a step in advance in ornamentation beyond 

 anything heretofore 

 observed in connec- 

 tion with American 

 stone tubes of any 

 kind. Upon this 

 tube we see a wood 

 duck facing the stem, 

 which is well mod- 

 eled and shows dis- 

 tinctly the bird's 

 crest and two depres- 

 sions for the eyes, 

 which there can be 

 little doubt were in- 

 tended for the inser- 

 tion of artificial eyeballs. The wings of the bird are crossed over the 

 back, and its tail is so modeled as to represent a frog facing the bowl, 

 the bird's legs answering for those of the frog. This singular composite 

 figure, it must be admitted, is a most remarkable occurrence if it belongs 

 to pure savage art, which the writer believes to be an impossibility. 

 From the base of the tube to the top of the duck's head the measure- 

 ment is 4 inches, the band being three fourths of an inch in width. The 

 bowl of this tube, which is behind the duck, has an opening 1^ inches 

 across and a depth of If inches, at which point it contracts to a tube 

 one-half an inch in diameter, which for a distance of 4 inches is of uni- 

 form size; then it begins to expand gradually until it reaches a diameter 

 of 1 inch at the opposite end. Another tube of this type is referred to by 

 Squier and Davis as being found in a mound near the Catawba River, 

 Chester district. South Carolina, upon which a well carved owl is attached 

 by the back, showing a bold and spirited piece of sculpture practically 

 in the round.' 



Thruston also figures a tube with a wood duck upon it, sitting quite 

 at one end, and without an encircling band.' 



The wood duck and owl are found constantly represented upon rec- 

 tangular pipes in the territory of the tubes of hourglass form. 



Fig. 40. 



HOCHGLASS TUBULAR PIPE. 



Ashland (Kentucky) Mound. 



American Museum of Xatural History, New York. A. E. Douglass collection. 



Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley, p. 226, fig. 123. 

 • Anti(|iiities of Tennc-ssec, p. l'J3, tig. 93. 



