AMERICAN ABORIGINAL PIPES AND SMOKING CUSTQMS 409 



foreijiu iuHuences, it must be admitted that liis knowledge of Mexican 

 pottery is not sufficient for him to be at all positive. The eiilari;ement 

 of the outside of the bowl is peculiar among American pipes to the 

 Mexican ware, though almost identically the same shape, but of a 

 smaller size, is common among the early English trade pipes. 



A pipe apparently intended to represent the head and ears of some 

 (piadruped (tig. 44), made of hard burned pottery, was collected by 

 Dr. J. W. Fewkes at the I'ueblo of Santa Clara, New Mexico. In 

 height and length it is 2i inches by '2 inches. The outside of the bowl 

 has a slightly raised rim, in which there are several notches cut through 

 the surface, whether for ornament or as a tally it is injpossible to say. 

 This specimen in some of its features is similar to pipes found else- 

 where, though the writer is inclined to attribute it to no distant period. 

 Pipes of the type of tig. 43 are referred to as 

 being found at Palenque, one of whu;h has 

 been figured in the great work of Kings- 

 borougli. 



There is in the Douglass (;ollection a uni(pie 

 pendant of serpentine of a green color found 

 in a mound on Indian River, Florida, very 

 similar in its outline to the Mexican pipe- 

 stems which are shaped like a duck's head. 

 It has been suggested to the writer that the 

 facets upon the Mexican ])ipes with glossy 

 surfaces are indicia of the use of the burnish- 

 ing tool rather than of scraping or cutting 

 implements. While this view may be cor- 

 rect the question would be solved were it 

 known whether the facets were made before 

 or after the ])olishing. 



In discussing references to the use of tobacco among the natives of 

 Mexico and the West Indies it will probably be best to include those 

 countries which first fell under early Spanish influences, comprising 

 the coast of California, and, in a measure, that of Florida, before inves- 

 tigating conditions to the northward. 



Friar Marco de Nica, in his journey to Cibola the year preceding the 

 expedition of Vasquez de Coronado (1539), does not refer to the natives 

 being addicted to smoking or using the pipe, though they were famil- 

 iar, probably, both with the cigarette and the tubular pipe. This, how- 

 ever, it must be remembered, was considered not only by the Spanish 

 but later by certain of the Freuch as an idolatrous practice. 



Alarcon in 1540 speaks of the imtives having "physicians who cure 

 them with charms and blowings which they make."' This there is 

 little doubt was a reference to the tubular fire cure elsewhere more 

 minutely described. 



Fig. 44. 



HARD-BURNED POTTERY PIPE. 



Santa Clara, New Mexiro. 



Cat. No. 176396, U.S.N.M. Collected liy 

 Dr. J. Walter Fewkes. 



'Hernando Alarcon. Haklnyt's Voyages, III, p. 514, Loudon, 1810, from edition of 

 l(i(X). 



