416 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1897. 



any time they heal themselves with fire, without any pliysician. They 

 say that they die for very age."' lie nowhere speaks of tobacco or the 

 pipe, unless it be in the above sentencte, tliougli stnpping- in many ])la(es. 



Powell's map of the areas occupied by the ditt'erent liuguistic stocks 

 of Indians at the time of the first advent of the wliites shows that 

 members of a given stock were often separated from each other by 

 natives speaking dissimilar languages. The Sioux are found in North 

 and South Carolina, the Algon(iuin ah)ug the Atlantic coast, while 

 a tribe of the Iroquoian stock were located in Tennessee, each cut oft' 

 by long distances from the main body speaking the language of their 

 particular stock; and many other instances are noted on the same map. 

 To carry history back only a few decades would doubtless materially 

 change the geographical distribution of the tribes, due largely to the 

 success or failure of their interminable internecine wars in which they 

 were commonly engaged. 



From the earliest period of white occupancy of Maryland and Vir- 

 ginia, tobacco constituted the great bulk of the exports of those 

 colonies. The wonderful spread of its consumption during the first 

 half of the seventeenth century created an enormous demand for the 

 ])roduct, and the consequent inflation of its price was an inducement 

 to the colonists to devote their greatest energies to its cultivation, to 

 the exclusion of necessary vegetables and cereals, whereby on more 

 than one occasion the po])ulation suffered from a scarcity of food. 

 This plant consists of several species of Xicotiana (of the natural order 

 of Solanacew), but those of which the leaves are used as a narcotic are 

 few in comparison to the whole number. 



The pipe of the Indians of New Sweden, otherwise Pennsylvania, 

 described by Holm, appears to have had a stem equal in length to any 

 on the coutinent. He says they " make tobacco pipes out of reeds 

 about a man's length; the bowl is made of horn and to contain a great 

 quantify of tobacco; they generally present these pipes to their good 

 friends when they come to visit them at their houses and wish them to 

 stay some time longer; then the friend can not go away without having 

 a smoke out of the pipe. They make them of red, yellow, and blue 

 clay, of which there is great quantity in the country; also of white, 

 gray, green, brown, and black and blue stone, which are so soft that 

 they can be cut with a knife; of these they make their ])ipes, a yard and 

 a half long or longer.-'- 



He further speaks of the natives having in their hands a tobacco 

 pipe a fathom long. Holm's grandfather was a minister of the gospel, 

 who accompanied Governor Priutz as his chaplain in 1642; his father 



Mohn de Verazzano, Hakluyf 8 Voyages, III, p. 362, Loudon, 1810, reprint of 1600. 



■'Thomas C'anipnnins Holui, A short Description of the Province of New Sweden, 

 now called by the English Pennsylvania, in America, compiled from relations, etc., 

 of ])er8ons of credit, p. 130, translated from Swedish by 8. Uu Ponceau, PhiladelpLia, 

 1834. 



