AMERICAN ABORIGINAL PIPES AND SMOKING CUSTOMS. 425 



Fig. 47. 

 STONE BDWL PIPE. 

 Berk.s County, Pennsyl- 

 vania. 



Cat. No. 6670, U.S.N.AI. Collected 

 by George M. Keim. 



for ail ordinary piece of building brick. In length it is 1.] inches, in 

 iieight 1| inches, and 1^ inches wide. In this specimen, as is usual in 

 pipes of this type, it is observed that both bowl and stem have been 

 bored by means of a drill with a solid and not a tubular point, though 

 it is often found that the bowl has been subse- 

 quently enlarged by scraping or gouging. These 

 l)ipes were smoked with stems of wood, reed, or 

 bone, governed by the supply of the locality. 



Of identical type is a pipe from Berks County, 

 Pennsylvania, collected by Hon. George M. Keim, 

 which is of a light brown talc. The block from 

 which it (fig. -il) is made is rectangular at the base, 

 about 2h inches in height, becoming cylindrical at 

 the to]) of the bowl. This pipe is evidently in an 

 untinished condition, and therefore doubly inter- 

 esting, as showing much of the process of work 

 upon it. The whole surface is covered with nar- 

 row facets, showing the mark of the blade with 

 which it was cut; the uniformity in their width 

 and their unusual length demonstrates conclu- 

 sively that the tool was of metal. 



Above the steal hole a ridge has been left almost 

 entirely encircling the bowl, sufficiently pronounced to show that it 

 was intended as an ornament. At one point on this specimen are 

 noticeable a number of equidistant straight lines, which appear to have 

 been made with a metal file, and which are com- 

 mon on so many American pipes. 



A gray sandstone ovoid bowl (fig. 48) from 

 Brownsville, Ohio, collected by Mr. VV. Anderson, 

 is slightly broken around the top; the rest of the 

 exterior surface, however, is perfectly smooth 

 and without ornamentation. This bowl has been 

 ground into shape, the cavities being made by 

 means of solid drill points. It is of symmetrical 

 ovoid form, the base being flattened, and thethick- 

 ness of the walls is scarcely one-eighth of an inch. 

 The bowl of fig. 49 is ground similar to that of 

 the preceding specimen and is about the same 

 height, If inches. It is made from an indurated 

 clay of a grayish color. The stem hole has been 

 bored by means of a large drill, and is half an inch 

 in diameter at the surface, decreasing to three- 

 eighths of an inch where the liole enters the bowl, which makes it evi- 

 dent that a stem could not be used with such a pipe unless it were 

 bound to the bowl with a lashing of some kind, probably of hide. The 

 wall of this bowl at its upper rim is ground until it is scarcely thicker 

 than the cutting edge of a knife blade, the specimen being similar in 



Fig. 48. 



OVOID STONE nOWL. 



Brownsville, Ohio. 



Cat. No. 1'.'494, U.S.N. AI. Collected 

 1.V \V. Anderson. 



