AMERICAN ABORIGINAL PIPES AND SMOKING CTSTOMS. 429 



Fig. 53. 

 RECT ANGULAR STONE PIPE. 



Sterling, Connecticut. 



Cat. No. 17949, U.S.N. M. Collected by 

 ,1. II. Clark. 



bowl pipe is fouud in Iroquoian territory on the north, tbrougli the 

 Algonquin on the south, into the southern Iroiiuoians. It should be 

 remembered that this area corresponds, reasonably, with the territory 

 influenced by French trade before the advent of riie English. The 

 territory also is in the line of travel from the 

 St. Lawrence to the Ohio. The writer is un- 

 able to determine how far tlie urn type of pipe 

 has been governed by European induences. 

 Its contour is similar to that of pottery bowls 

 from Tennessee, specimens of which are in the 

 U. S. National Museum collection. 



Fig. 53 is a rectangular steatite bowl from 

 Sterling, Connecticut, collected by Mr. J. H. 

 Clark. It is 2^ inches high, li inches long 

 from front to back, though only five-eighths of 

 an int'h from side to side. The incised three- 

 sided groove shown in the figure is on both 

 sides, and there can be no doubt was intended 

 for the purpose of inlaying with metal or shell, 

 probably the former. The markings radiating 

 from the groove only appear on one side of the 

 bowl. There is a hole bored through the base 

 of this specimen from side to side, evidently 

 intended to receive a string which would be attached to the stem. It 

 appears to the writer that i)ipes with holes for attaching bowl and 

 stem, or for whatever purpose the hole was intended, are much more 

 common in the North than in the South, which may be because of the 

 greater liability to loss in the snow than in the 

 grass or among leaves. A pipe, liowever, some- 

 what similar in general characteristics to this, 

 in the collection of the University of Pennsyl- 

 vania, is said to have come from North Carolina, 

 though in place of the hole for the string there 

 is a small knob on its base, as though intended 

 for a similar purpose. 



Fig. 54, from Middleboro, Massachusetts, col- 

 lected by Mr. S. H. Sylvester, is made of a steel- 

 gray serpentine, and is apparently not alone 

 intended to show the lizard crawling over the 

 convex side of the bowl, but an incision on each 

 side of the lower point would indicate an inten- 

 tion to convey the idea of some animal's head 

 The sharp edges of the lizard's body, legs, and 

 head indicate the use of a metal tool in cutting the stone. Though the 

 design is apparently of that character which is common among Indian 

 pipes, the shape of the bowl cavity is quite unusual, being square, an 

 uncommon circumstance, though elliptical openings are not rare. 



Fig. 54. 



ANIMAL PIPE. 



Miildlfboro, Massachusetts. 



Cat. No. li552,U.S.N.M. Collected by 

 S. H. Sylvester. 



and mouth as well. 



