AMERICAN ABORIGINAL PIPES AND SMOKING CUSTOMS. 431 



cut in parallel straight Hues, intended to represent tattoo marks or 

 streaks of paint. 



This pii)e is 2 inches high, though from front to back it is less than 

 half an inch thick, the bowl being so small that it would scarcely hold 

 a thiniblefull of tobacco, the stera hole being so shallow as to i)revent 

 a stem being attached without great difficulty. This pipe must be con- 

 sidered rather in the nature of a freak than as belonging to any partic- 

 ular tj^pe, and is more in accordance with savage art 

 than are the many specialized objects. 



Fig. 58 represents a cast of a bowl found in San- 

 dusky, Ohio, collected by Mr. Lewis Leppleman, and 

 appears unique among pipes of this tj'pe. The fig- 

 ure appears highly conventionalized, though it is sufQ- 

 ciently well shaped to determine that a bird, possibly 

 an owl, was intended. So far as may be determined 

 from the cast, there is no work on this specimen which 

 may not have been accomplished by means of the 

 most primitive implements, even of stone or shell, and 

 could be (luite easily executed with the aid of co[)per. 

 JFig. 59 is yet another specimen of bowl pipe repre- 

 sented in the U. S. IS^ational Mu- 

 seum collection by a cast. It was 

 collected near Valley Eiver, Mur- 

 phy, North Carolina, by Gen. G. T. 

 Wilder. It is difficult to determine 

 what the head attached to the bowl was meant to rep- 

 resent, though from the crescent-shaped lines on the 

 sides of the bowl it is probably a bird. The head on 

 this bowl is not unlike those on the projections of some 

 of those ponderous pipes found often in Xorth Caro- 

 lina and Tennessee, and coining from North Carolina 

 is probably merely an evidence of a desire to pro- 

 duce a unique si)ecimen, the bowl and stem cavities 

 being respectively seven-eighths and five-eighths of 

 an inch in diameter. 



Fig. 60 is a finely ground dark green serpentine 

 bowl, which is quite similar to the preceding, though 

 Cast, Cat. No. 35635. u.s.N.M. havlug morc graccful lines and being more highly 



Collected by Lewis Leppleman. _eij Tj.-i j^ j i-t, i -,,■,' 



finished. It is shaped to represent a bird s head, the 

 eyes being indicated by circular incisions rudely cut and the beak 

 being of a shape to suggest that an eagle or hawk was intended, though 

 whatever the bird, it is rather of conventional than natural shape, 

 the mouth being represented bj^ symmetrical curves corresponding on 

 each side of the beak. The surface of this pipe is smoothed with such 

 skill that all tool marks have been entirely obliterated, and while the 

 surface is perfectly smooth, there has been no eftort made to polish it. 



Fig. 57. 



HUJLiVN HEAD PIPE. 



West Virginia. 



Ca.st,Cat. No.98.379,U.S.N.M. 

 Collected by B. H. Harrison. 



Fig. 58. 

 BIRD PIPE. 



Saudiisky; Ohio. 



