AMERICAN ABORIGINAL PIPES AND SMOKING CUSTOMS. 433 



Fig. 61. 



SWAN PIPE. 



Mineral County, West Virginia. 



C.it. No. 115i?7, U.S.N. M. Collected by J. A. Davis. 



has been found 6 or more feet below the surface of the earth associated 

 with implements of the age of stone. 



The Rev. W. M. Beauchamp, thoroughly competeut to express an opin- 

 ion on the subject, and especially familiar with the aboriginal remains 

 and implements of New York, considers that the pipes of stone, of which 

 the larger part of New York speci- 

 mens are composed, are compara- 

 tively recent. Until the coming of 

 the whites most New York pipes were 

 of clay, the Narragansetts making 

 those of stone, but with the use of steel 

 tools stone pipes became common. 

 Catlinite pipes, other certainly than 

 the plain rectangular Siouan ones, are 

 probably quite modern, for that mate- 

 rial seems to have been almost un- 

 known far from the Siouan sphere of 

 influence until near the close of the 

 seventeenth century. 



Fig. 62 belongs apparently to the bowl pipes, and is made of a brown 

 pottery well mixed with a tempering of iiounded shell; it is 2| inches 

 high, and from the outer edge of the short stem to the far side of the 

 pipe is the same length; the interior of the bowl has a diameter of 1| 



inches, with a depth of only 1 inch; the 

 stem hole, one-half the diameter of the 

 bowl, is 1:^ inches deep. The dimensions 

 here given would suggest that ]>ossibly 

 this pipe should be classed rather with 

 the bicouical or monumental pipe than 

 with those of the bowl tj'pe. This ob- 

 ject is from Mount Vernon Barracks, 

 Alabama, collected by Dr. Joseph K. 

 Corson. The clay and tempering mate- 

 rial are well mixed together, while the 

 ornamentation as well as the manner of 

 producing it are unique; the base is ilat 

 and smooth; the design on the bowl is 

 in relief about one eighth of an inch and 

 covers the whole surface, there being 

 a number of notches cut around the 



Corson. 



top of the bowl and the rim of the stem. 

 As a pipe the design is pleasing, the stem socket being the most pro- 

 nounced of any of this type; the ornamented surfaces are compara- 

 tively smooth, while between the lines in relief, the depressed sur- 

 face appears to have been made by means of a scraping or cutting 

 tool, the strife of which are quite distinct and appear to have been pro- 

 duced by having the bowl, when originally burned, of a uniform surface, 

 NAT MUS 97 28 



Fig. 62. 



POTTEKV PIPE. 



Mount Vernon Barracks, Alabama. 



Cat. No. 19a98, U.S.N.M. Collected by Joseph K. 



