AMERICAN ABORIGINAL PIPES AND SMOKING CUSTOMS. 435 



Schoolcraft refers to one of these pipes on which .1 head is carved 

 on the bowl, while on another a lizard is rei)reseuted crawling up the 

 outside. ' 



Lapham refers also to a bowl pipe found in a mound in Wisconsin, 

 made of argillite. which presents the unusual feature of having a hori- 

 zontal opening on both sides.- 



Dr. E. A. Barber refers also to a large stone council pipe belonging 

 to Mr. W. S. Vaux, of Philadelphia, found in a grave in West Phila- 

 delphia, which was discovered with a necklace of stone beads, the pipe 

 beiug 6 inches high, cylindiical, and tapering in form. About ii inches 

 from the base, which is 8f| inches in circumference, extends a horizontal 

 groove in which have been pierced four equidistant stem holes which 

 extend obliquely downward to the base of the bowl.^ 



Prof. W. H. Holmes called the writer's attention to a bowl pipe made 

 of earthenware, found by Mr. Henry P. Hamilton, at Two Rivers, Wis- 

 consin, apparently intended to represent the bloom of the tobacco 

 l)lant or possibly an orchid, of beautiful shape, symmetrical in every 

 way, suggesting modern influences though found associated with 

 undoubted aboriginal implements. 



Prof. G. H. Perkins also has figured a dark steatite pipe, found on 

 Grand Isle, in Lake Champlain, which he considers one of the most 

 interesting of all the pipes of Vermont, having faces carved upon it in 

 bold relief, with two lines running one from either side of the nose of 

 these faces, and Professor Perkins says there is only one other i)ipe 

 having a face carved upon it in the Champlain Valley, and " singu- 

 larly this face also has lines under the nose, which may indicate the 

 mustache of a European."'' 



A pipe of somewhat similar character, made from alabaster, having 

 two faces upon the upper edge of the bowl, is in the Douglass collec- 

 tion, New York City, and was found in Wyandot County, Ohio. Still 

 another stone pipe of this character froiu Texas, collected by Hon. 

 George M. Keim (Cat. No. 0672, U.S.N.M.), has four faces carved on the 

 upper edges of the bowl, which is somewhat broken. Around the sides 

 of the Jaws of this pipe, however, are striae which have every appear- 

 ance of being made with a hie, and the hole for the stem is dispropor- 

 tionately large compared with the opening of the bowl. 



While such may exist in museums or private collections, the writer 

 has not encountered any reference to this type of bowl form made 

 from i)otter3\ It is difficult to see how the majority of pipes of this 

 type were attached to their steins because of the thinness of the wall 

 of the bowl and the wide opening of the stem hole, which, because of 

 being drilled with a solid j)oint, is so shallow at its entrance into the 



' North American Indian Tribes, Pt. 2, plate 44, p. 89. 



- Autiqnities of AVisconsin, p. 28, Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, VII. 

 ^•American Antiquarian, I, p. 113. 



^The Calumet in the Champlain Valley, The Popular Science Monthly, December, 

 1893, p. 242. 



