AMERICAN ABORIGINAL PIPES AND SISIOKING CUSTOMS. 441 



It is remarkable that the stems of certain of these pipes are so worn 

 on their outside as to indicate that they have come in direct contact 

 with the teeth of the sniolver, though the ordinary interior stem eidarge- 

 nient is similar to that of the elongated conical pipes of California. 

 Lannian ])robably referred to a pipe of this character, found in 1848 or 

 earlier, 15 feet below the surface, in Macon County, Xorth Carolina, 

 made in injitation of a duck." A broken specimen from Ohio above 

 Cincinnati is in the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania. 



Fig. (>8, from Jackson County, North Carolina, collected by Mr. G. A. 

 Jacobs, is an unusually large specimen of an unfinished pipe, made of 

 steatite, which is 19 inches long, 4 inches high, and 3 inches wide, and 

 weighs 9f pounds, and used as a weapon would really be terrible. 



There are few surface indications showing the striae of the tools with 

 which these imi)lemeuts were originally made, and it is impossible to 

 say Irom an examination of many specimens whether stone or metal 

 tools were used, as the surfaces have been smoothed ofl". As the shape 

 of this pipe is perfect, it would 

 indicate that it was intended 

 for use in its present condition. 

 If, however, it vras intended 

 that the bowl and stem were to 

 be bored out, which was prob- 

 ably the case, it would indi- 

 cate that this was one of those 



"great pipes" to which refer- B'ig. o9. 



ence is so often nmde in works human hand and arm. 



of early North American travel, western Tennessee. 



„,.,,.. . , Cat. No. 9743.3, U.S.X.M. Collected by W. M. CUrk. 



the Size 01 which distinguishes 



them from ])ipes intended for individual use. Pi])es of this type vary 

 from G to 10 inches in length, and are apparently totemic. One specimen 

 111 the U. S. National Museum (Cat. No. 34383), from Anderson County, 

 Tennessee, collected by ^Ir. W. H. Taylor, has a head on it, but it is 

 impossible to determine whether it represents a turtle or a bird, though 

 the head in the last illustration was probably that of a dog or wolf. 

 Another specimen, representing an animal, has the legs cut out in low 

 relief, so that they h)ok as if they were made of sej)arate pieces subse- 

 quently glued to the surface. 



Though differing in several respects from the preceding specimens, 

 fig. 69 appears in bowl and stem characteristics to belong to the type 

 here described, though it is made of a dark, almost black, chlorite. It is 

 from western Tennessee, collected by Mr. W. M. Clark, and is 6 inches 

 long. 3 inches high, and 2i inches wide, and represents a bowl being 

 held in six lingers of a left hand. The knuckles and nails are all well 

 represented. A similar specimen, though of pottery, from Arkansas, 

 will be found among the biconical pipes (fig. 162), where this would 



k 



' Charles Lanman, Letters from tlu; All<ghany Mountains, p. 24, New York, 1849. 



