I 



AMERICAN ABORIGINAL PIPES AND SMOKING CUSTOMS. 447 



1500, that the supposed medicinal properties of tobacco had much to 

 do iu promoting its use. 



Into the woods thencpfortli in baste she went, • 



To seeke for hearbes that mote him remedy; 



There whether divine tobacco were, 



Or pauachaea, or Polygeny, 



She found and brought it to ber patient deare; 



The soveraino weede betwixt two marbles plaine 



She pownded small and did in peeces bruze ; 



Then atween her lilly bandes twaine 



Into his wound the juice thereof did scruze.' 



Paul Hetzner, who visited England in 1508, says, as quoted by Fair- 

 holt: "At these spectacles and everywhere else the English are con- 

 stantly smoking tobacco, and in this manner: They have jiipes on 

 purpose made of clay, into the further end of which they put the herbe 

 so dry that it may be rubbed into powder, and putting fire to it they 

 draw the smoke into their mouths, which they puff out again .through 

 their nostrils like funnels."^ 



Aubrey, in 1000, speaking of Raleigh being the first one to popularize 

 tobacco in England, says : " In our part of North Wilts, e. g., Malmsbury 

 Hundred, it came first into fashion by Sir Walter Long. They had first 

 silver pipes; the ordinary sort made use of a walnut shell and a straw. 

 I have heard my grandfather Lyte say that one pipe was handed from 

 man to man round the table." ^ 



Of all pipes referred to none appears more primitive than this straw 

 and shell, though it is an additional evidence that to obtain the smoke 

 its votaries will employ anything available to hold the tobacco. 



"In IGOl Mr. Secretary Cecil, in a speech, alludes to the then existing 

 monopoly enjoyed by the tobacco pipe makers' guild, which, however, 

 was not regularly incorporated until 1610."^ 



At Elizabeth Island, in IGOL', Gosuoll says " no place yields finer 

 tobacco than this island."^ 



The English were looking to the cultivation of tobacco as a source of 

 revenue, for it must be evident the whites were eager to trade with the 

 natives for their iieltries, than which nothing brought greater profit 

 and naturally few things had more solid value than a supply of their 

 favorite plant. 



The English clay pipe of commerce, or the "trade pipe," as it is more 

 commonly called, which is often found on Indian village sites, both i n and 

 on the aboriginal shell heaps of the Atlantic coast, as well as in Indian 

 graves throughout a large part of the territory near the middle Atlantic 



1 Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, III, stanzas xxxii and xxxiii. 



2F. W. Fairbolt, Tobacco; its History and Associations, p. 58, Loudon, 1859. 

 ndem, p. 57. 



''Llewcllyun Jewitt, Ceramic Art in Great Britain, I, p. 295, New York, 1878. 

 Moh'i Harris, Voyage to the Northern Part of Virginia by Captain Gosuoll, \'()yage3 

 and Travels, I, p. 816, London, 1705. 



