454 



REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1897. 



Fig. 76. 

 ENGLISH TYPE OF CLAY PIPE. 



Giulii, Hollauil. 



Cat. No. 45959, U.S.N.M. Collected by 

 A. S. Gatschett. 



Fig. 70 is a molded pipe from Guda, Holland, collected by ^Iv. A. S. 

 Gatschett, and has the same general style of bowl as the preceding 

 English pipes, though in the latter the flat heel Is observed instead of 



the spur. Upon the heel of this pipe are 

 stamped Ave dots in a ring around a ciMitral 

 dot. This variety is commonly described as 

 one of the earliest English forms. Some 

 attribute them even to the Elizabethan 

 period. 



This stamp has been called by some 

 writers a lily; by others it is described as 

 a rose. So far, however, as the writer has 

 been able to determine, it is extremely diffi- 

 cult to ascribe to these pipes any certain 

 date, and there is doubt even whether the 

 shape is not common alilie to France, 

 England, and Holland. 

 The trade marks and symbols on trade-pipe heels and bowls are too 

 numerous to mention, though doubtless a study made of them would 

 settle many vexed points in 

 American archteology. 



There is in the Douglass col- 

 lection a pipe presented by Dr. 

 Ferdinand Kellar, of Switzer- 

 land, and by him attributed to 

 the sixteenth century, upon the 

 side of the bowl of which are the 

 same five dots in a circle re- 

 ferred to as being on the heel of 

 the English pipe, and called a 



rose and also a lily, though the form of the pipe is more like those 

 which in this paper are described as Iroquoian, the shape of which was 



mainly due to French 

 influences. Upon one 

 of the English pi])es in 

 the U. S. National Mu- 

 seum collection there 

 appears the monogram 

 IB on the heel. 



Fig. 77 is quite an 

 ancient English trade 

 pipe, found in an Indian 

 grave at Burs Hill, War- 

 ren, Ehode Island, and collected by Mr. J. H. Clark, upon which there 

 is neither heel nor spur, though the mill mark around the outer side of 

 the bowl is quite distinct. The texture of the pottery from which it is 



Fig. 77. 



POTTERY TRADE PIPE. 



Warnii, Jlhode Island. 



Cat. No. 17974, t'.S.N.M. (■,.11.-1 t.-il by J. H. CLirk. 



Fig. 78. 



STEATITE TRADE PIPE. 



Norfolk, Virginia. 



5596, U.S.N.M. ColIeLted by ,1. D. McGuire. 



