AMERICAN ABORIGINAL PIPES AND SMOKING CUSTOMS. 455 



Fig. 79. 

 STONE PIPE. 



Nacoochee, Georgia. 



Cast, Cat. No. 31567, U.S.X.M. Collected bj- J. H. Nichols. 



made is mncli less hard tliau is usually tlie case with trade pipes, and 

 it having no heel or spur n)ay indicate that it was of a more primitive 

 form than those having such. 



Fig. 78 is a pipe in every way similar to the Rhode Island specimen, 

 made, however, from dark green chlorite and well polished. It was 

 given the writer some years since, and was said to be a surface find 

 from near jS^orfolk, Virginia. The 

 bowl and stem are as thin as are usu- 

 ally those of the molded trade type 

 of burned clay, and it is a fine exam- 

 ple of skill in stone work as well as 

 an evidence of contemporaneous use 

 of stone and clay pipes of similar form. 

 Even though it were demonstrated 

 that this i)ipe was made with steel 

 tools, as it probablj' was, it would rep- 

 resent a piece of exceptionally good 

 workmanship for a modern mechanic. 

 A cast of a stone pipe (fig. 79) 

 found at ISTacoochee, Georgia, collected by Mr. J. H. Nichols, is clearly 

 of the tyi3e of the trade pipe. Its short stem and slightly enlarged 

 mouthpiece, as well as the thinness of the bowl, would, however, ap- 

 pear to indicate a metal prototype and probable European origin. 



Fig. 80 represents a cast of an extremely 

 peculiar and unique specimen of the primi- 

 tive trade pipe form, surrounded by a disk 

 of stone evidently so carved and worked out 

 of the stone as to resemble sewed leather. 

 It is from Tioga County, New York, col- 

 lected by Mr. J. Allen. While the dots en- 

 circling the pipe, representing the stitches 

 of the needle, are upon the one side in two 

 rows, there is but a single row on the oppo- 

 site side; all are, however, connected by 

 lines running from dot to dot, as though 

 intended to indicate the thread. The pipe 

 form and disk appear to suggest that it is 

 made in imitation of a pipe in its leather 

 case. 

 The next pipe (fig. 81), which also evi- 

 dently belongs to the European type, is made from blue clay, and 

 is said to be of the primitive Italian form. The bowl, at right 

 angles to the stem, is very much larger than are any of the Euro- 

 pean pipes with which the writer is acquainted. It was found at 

 Kedbank, New Jersey, and collected by Mr. W. S. Vaux. Tlie 

 bowl rests upon three coils as a base, rudely ornamental, parallel 



TYPE OF STONE TEADE PIPE. 



Tioga, Ifew York. 



Cast, Cat. No. 5S532, U.S.N.M. Collected by 

 J. Allen. 



