456 



REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1897. 



Fig. 81. 



ITALIAN TYPE OF CLAY PIPE. 



Red Bank, New Jersey. 



Cat, No. lon.-iS, U.S.N.M. Collected by \V. S. V: 



liuesruuiiiug closely up and down the same, beginning at the top of the 

 coil and ending just below the upper edge of the rim. Pritchett, in Ye 

 Smokiana, represents such a pipe as of Roman make of the date of 1669. 

 Judging from the large size of this bowl, the type would probably be of 

 a i)eriod when the price of tobacco was cheap, as was the case during 



the reign of Charles II. Pritchett 

 appears to have copied his illustra- 

 tion from one of Benedetto Stella, 

 which was published in Rome in 1669, 

 and is by the latter referred to as of 

 English make. 



As early as 1670 the Colony of 

 Virginia shipped 12,000 hogsheads 

 of tobacco, which was equal to 

 12,000,000 pounds. 



Fig. 82 is a modern Dutch pipe 

 made of the usual white clay, such as 

 the ordinary clay pipe is commonly 

 made from. It is figured solely for 

 the puri^ose of illustrating the survival of ])rimitive forms. The orna- 

 mentation is indicative of a close relationship to a class of in^es from 

 Georgia herein referred to, and from this and other known si)ecimens 

 the deduction is quite natural that Europern traders in pipes usually 

 catered in type and ornamentation to prevailing Indian toims, the orna- 

 mentation, with few exceptions, being due to European ideas. Pipes of 

 this type were evidently intended to be smoked with hollow stems, 

 probably made of reed. If the leaves sur- 

 rounding the stem and radiating from the 

 bird's beak and the beak itself are com- 

 pared with those upon the pipes from the 

 Etowah mound, and the mound pipes from 

 Georgia, it will be admitted that they have 

 a common origin, whether that be Dutch or 

 Indian, and the mold mark on the Etowah 

 specimen (fig. 238) suggests that it is Euro- 

 pean. Ornamentation very similar to the 

 bird's beak appears to be employed in cer- 

 tain prettily modeled clay pipes found in 

 OnondagaandCayugacounties, New York, 

 specimens of w'hich are in the collection of 

 the Peabody Academy of Sciences in 



Salem, Massachusetts; and an exceedingly fine specimen is also in the 

 Douglass collection, the latter being about 7 inches long, and was 

 found in Onondaga County, the beak arising 2^ inches above the bowl. 

 It represents the head of a raven. The bird's mouth and nostrils are 

 executed with unusual si^irit, and appear to be due rather to French 



Fig. 82. 

 MODE UN CLAY PIPE. 



Holland. 



Cat. No. 7C856, U.S.N.M. CoIIetteii by U. S. State 

 Deiirjrtnient. 



