458 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1897. 



Whether the original trade pipe is a copy of an earlier stone i>ipe or 

 not may be open to question, the writer being of the impression that it 

 is a mo<lificatioii of the primitive tube. Mr. Newton D. Sprecher, how- 

 ever, found on the Upper Potomac River, near Shejiherdstown, iu Vir- 

 ginia, a very perfect specimen of a stone pipe of the " trade type," the 

 stem of which is somewliat large in proportiou to the size of the bowl. 

 It appears to be made of banded slate. 



While the Indian, we are told, would give anything in his possession 

 for tobacco, and made many aud sometimes singular uses of it, it 

 remained for the whites to adopt it as currency. The first evidence of 

 which that has come under the writer's notice is an enactment at James 

 City, Virginia, in 1619, declaring tobacco a currency, the treasurer of 

 the colony being directed to receive it at a valuation of 3 shilliugs a 

 pound for the best and 18 pence a pound for the second quality.' 



Governor Yeardley directed general attention to the culture of 

 tobacco, the profits of which became so alluring that all other occupa- 

 tions were forsaken for it. In the colony of Virginia, with a population 

 of 4,000 iu 1620, 40 hogsheads of tobacco were shipped to Englaud; in 

 1638, 500,000 pounds, and in 1670 it had increased to 12,000,000 pounds.^ 



During the reign of Elizabeth there was no especial reason for a 

 small bowl to the pipe, except the natural scarcity of the tobacco sup- 

 ply, the duty on it being only 2 peuce a pound. James I, however, 

 raised it to the enormous sum of Oi shilliugs a pound.' 



From this time on for a long period the strongest efforts were made to 

 suppress the use of tobacco. The same year (1620) that the colony of Vir- 

 ginia exported 40 hogsheads of tobacco King James I issued a procla- 

 mation for restraint of disorderl}'^ trading of tobacco. "Whereas," says 

 the statute, "We, etc., out of the dislike we had to the use of tobacco, 

 tending to a general and new cnrrur)tion, both of men's bodies and man- 

 ners, and yet, nevertheless, holding it of the two more tolerable that 

 the same should be imported, amongst many other vanities and super- 

 fluities which came from beyond the seas, then permitted to be planted 

 here within this realm, thereby to abuse aud misemploy the soil of this 

 fruitful Kingdom " * * * did prohibit, after the 2d day of Febru- 

 ary, (then) next "the sowing, setting, or plautiug of tobacco; and 

 whereas we have taken into consideration the great waste and consump- 

 tion of the wealth of our Kingdoms by the inordinate liberty and abus<> 

 of tobacco, being a weed of no necessary use, and but of late years 

 brought into our dominions," ^ it prohibits others than such as shall be 

 authorized and appointed thereto by letters patent from having it in 

 possession, etc. 



1 Justin Winsor, Narrative and Critical History of America, III, p. 143. 

 2 Idem, PI). 140, 14H, 147. 



*F. \V. Fairholt, Tobacco and its Associations, p. 83. 



■• Robert Sanderson, Kymeri Fuidera, p. 233, Loudon, 1726, quoting Eighteenth, 

 James 1. 



