460 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1897. 



County, North Carolina, collected by Gen. Thomas A. Duncan, is said 

 to have been found in an old shaft supposed to have been one of the 

 workings of De Soto in that State. The cone-shaped bowl is at right 

 angles to its tubular stem, both bowl and stem being made of sheet 

 wrought iron cut to the desired size, the edges of which when brought 

 together have been neatly brazed, the brass line being well shown in 

 the illustration. The writer would suspect a much more recent period 

 than that of De Soto as the date of this pipe, and either French or 

 English as its origin, probably the latter. 



This view is greatly strenghtened by fig. 84, a steatite pipe from 

 Westerly, Rhode Island, collected by Mr. J. H. Clark. The bowls of 

 these two pipes, except in material, are identical, and the stone speci- 

 men leaves little doubt of its being a copy of a metal original. The 

 walls of bowl and stem are approximately three-sixteenths of an inch 

 thick, a glance at which suggests a metal rather than clay prototype. 

 A still more primitive metal pipe than any we 

 have encountered is a specimen catalogued as from 

 "Virginia," in the museum of the University of 

 Pennsylvania, which is about 8 inches long, made 

 from a thin sheet of copper, in shape somewhat like 

 that of the trade pipe. The copper had first been 

 cut to suit the purpose foi which it was intended; 

 the stem has been formed by hammering the edges 

 into tubular shape and then made to overlap; the 

 j,.^ ^^ bowl, at right angles to the stem, has been ham- 



STONE PIPE. mered in the same way, the sheet forming it also 



Westerly, Rhode Island. Overlapping, as did the stcin. The only sign of orua- 

 cat. No. nasi, u.s.N.M. Col jneut ou this very primitive pipe is a narrow beading 



)ect«J by J. H. Clark. -^ ^ * ^ " 



jjrojecting around the upper edge of the bowl, ham- 

 mered from the inside. The metal from which this pipe is made is 

 neither welded, brazed, nor riveted, yet the overla])ping metal forms a 

 most satisfactory stem and bowl. 



Still another metal pipe made of sheet copper was plowed up in a 

 field at Mount Eaton, Stark County, Ohio, and is in the Douglass col- 

 lection. It is of thin sheet, the bowl and stem both being brazed. 



From the period of the first use of tobacco in Euroi)e, so far as the 

 writer has observed, the shape of the trade pipe has remained practi- 

 cally constant, the European having apparently adoi^ted a pipe of a 

 shape selected by the early traders with the Indians. 



Among the American Indians there are known to have been many 

 different plants smoked in pipes; and while the European appears to 

 have been generally consistent in his employment of tobacco there 

 were exceptions to the rule, a most peculiar one of which was that 

 recorded of William Bredon, who in 1G33 was the parson or vicar of 

 Thornton, "who was so given to tobacco and drink that when he had 

 no tobacco he would cut the bell ropes and smoke them."' 



'F. W. Fairholt, Tobacco aud its Associations, j). 107, quotiug Lilly the astrologer. 



