462 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1897. 



and 'Dionoudades'" (Wyandots and iS^ation de Petun), among the 

 presents to the Indians "one hundred and ten wampum pipes''' are 

 mentioned, referring i)robably to the hard-burned trade pipes. 



Labat, in 1724, says tobacco was like an apple of discord which 

 hghted up a lively war among the learned, in the discussions concern- 

 ing which the ignorant took an equal part; even the women were not 

 backward in arraying themselves for or against a thing they under- 

 stood no more than they did the serious problems of their times. Doc 

 tors, he says, took advaiitage of the occasion, though they had never 

 before seen or heard of tobacco, and did not hesitate to discuss its vir- 

 tues as though they had known it since the time of Galen, Hippocrates, 

 and Esculapius. lieasoning without knowledge, they seldom agreed; 

 some tempered it with cooling drugs, others mixed it with aromatic 

 herbs, but all concurred in prescribing it with directions how to pre- 

 pare and take it according to age, strength, and temperament. They 

 prescribed the exact quantity to be taken, and at what time; one was to 

 take it fasting and another only after a meal; one in the evening and 

 the other in the morning, etc.^ 



The natives of the Hudson Bay country received from the English 

 traders "medicines" analogous to the tobacco of America, according to 

 Ellis, in 1750, who says: "There are many, especially those living on 

 the cliffs of the Great Lakes in the interior of the country, who act the 

 role of charlatans, with drugs they buy of the English — sugar, ginger, 

 barlej?^, pepper, the seeds of kitchen plants, Spanish liquorice, pow- 

 dered tobacco, etc. The Indians take all these drugs in small quan- 

 tities, either as remedies, or that they may excel in hunting, fishing, 

 or in fighting; qualities attributed to these trifles by the Hudson Bay 

 English. It is by these means that a third of the trade is made with 

 these charlatans who exchange them for furs which the common people 

 give them or which they trap.''^ De Paw says: " Sarmiento in going 

 for reenforcements for his settlements was made prisoner by this cele- 

 brated Kaleigh, who on his part had sought El Dorado, and who was 

 afterwards beheaded at London for having taught the English to 

 smoke, at least the judges alleged this pretext to immolate a great 

 man whom they disliked. If it is true that England gains annually 

 twenty millions from this American plant it is surprising that Ealeigh 

 has not yet a statue."^ 



At Damariscotta River, Moscougas Sound, Maine, Mr. Phelps has 

 repeatedly found iron imi)lements and clay pipes of European make in 

 the upper layers of the great shell heap, but in no case have these things 

 been found below 1 foot from the surface.^ 



' Documents relating to the Colonial History of New York, IV, p. 981. 



2 Labat, Voyages anx isles de I'Amerique, IV, p. 479, Hague, 1724. 



•' Henry Ellis, Voyage a La Baye de Hudson, p. 246, Leyden, 1750. 



■• Cornelius De Paw, Recherches Philosophiques sur les Am(5ricaius, I, p. 364, Lon- 

 don, 1771. 



■"^F. W. Putnam, Sixteenth and Seventeenth Annual Report of the Peabody 

 Museum of Archit-ology and Ethnology, pp. 161, 353. 



