AMERICAN ABORIGINAL PIPES AND SMOKING CUSTOMS. 463 



There is in the collection of the IJ. S. National Museum (Cat. No. 6182) 

 afrag:ment of a pipe made of blue clay which was found at Bloomfield, 

 Onondaga County, New York, collected by Col. E. Jewett. It is poorly 

 burned, yet quite artistic in design, the attempt having apparently 

 been made to imitate an ear of corn on the panels surrounding the 

 bowl. That its origin is due to the white i)eople is further shown by a 

 stamp of a notched arrow fitted into the string of a bow, which is 

 drawn back to its head, this is placed inside a diamond-shai)ed figure. 

 The specimen apparently belonged to a pipe of the type of the Konmn 

 specimen found at Ked Bank, New Jerse3^ The Kev. W. M. Beau- 

 champ refers in a private letter to a pewter pipe found in Oneida 

 County, New York, of the "trade pipe" form, and speaks of others of 

 brass and iron. Dr. E. A. Barber also refers to a pipe of the "trade 

 pipe" pattern which was found in the Jura Mountains, Canton of Berne, 

 Switzerland, made of iron, having upon its bowl the face of a man 

 facing the smoker, and a second face on the far side facing in the 

 opposite direction, and a second specimen, on the bowl of which there 

 is represented the leaf of some plant, probably a tobacco leaf. 



In a communication to the Daily Post of Birmingham, England, by 

 Mr. Este, he refers to "pipes of Sevres, of Saxe, and Berlin; Capo di 

 Monte and Furstenburg, Copenhagen; English pottery, Worcester 

 glazed pipes of Bromptou ware and Wedgewood ; Italian pipes of deli- 

 cate ivory and choicest Venetian glass; German pipes of agate and 

 meerschaum; Swedish pipes of iron from Danemora, and Eoman pipes 

 from the Campagna," as among the celebrated pii)es of the world.' 



These and those of many other countries were among the pipes in 

 the wonderful Bragge collection now in the British Museum. On the 

 Indian town sites of the Colonial period fragments of many of these 

 ])ipes at times occur, especially those of the Spanish, French, Dutch, 

 P^nglish, and Italian types. Among the French pipes of the beginning 

 of this century Fairholt figures one, part of the stem of which consists 

 of a cannon having upon the barrel two bowls, one behind the other, in 

 shape of bombshells. The idea is identical with the double-bowled 

 Siouan callinite pipe herein figured- (fig. 176). 



A similar specimen has been found in a mound in Michigan. There 

 are doubtless those who will consider the latter type purely aboriginal, 

 though the writer can not help thinking that the form is due to the 

 infiuence of European art. The same may be said of the death's-head 

 ])ipe, not uncommon on the continent of Europe, which has characteris- 

 tics similar to those of certain pipes of the Iroquoian type found along 

 the St. Lawrence, in northern New Y'ork. An inquiry among distin- 

 guished archipologists of France, Italy, and Holland as to the primitive 

 forms of pipes of those countries has had only negative results. An- 

 cient stone pipes ai:)pear scarcely ever in Europe, the only one coming 

 under the wi-iter's notice being referred to by Wilson as coming from 



' The PipeB of All People, Birmingham Daily Post, December 16, 1870. 

 •^F. W. P'airholt, Tobacco aud its Associations, p. 188, London, 1859. 



