AMERICAN ABORIGINAL PIPES AND SMOKING CUSTOMS. 465 



and, having a groove gouged in each piece, they would be again phiced 

 together and held in place with glue, or bound with wire or hide. The 

 ornamentation of i)ipe stems depended largely upon the owner's taste, 

 they being decorated in the most attractive manner; sometimes the 

 ornamentation would be of feathers, of strips of skins of various 

 animals, or they would be studded with brass or 

 silver nails, and scores or tallies were often kept 

 by notches, representing the enemies killed or 

 struck with the weapon. The writer recalls a Creek 

 tomahawk hatchet pipe upon the handle of which 

 were several groups of score marks said to repre- 

 sent the victims of its owner's prowess, the ditfer- 

 ent scores indicating distinct tribes with which 

 the owner had fought. 



Fig. 85 is one of the most grace- 

 ful and at the same time most sym- 

 metrical of the familiar forms of 

 the English tomahawk pipes. Its 

 long graceful hatchet blade is made 

 of iron, into the blade of which is 

 inlaid an ornamented silver plate in 

 the form of the now familiar Bowie 

 knife, upon the blade of which is 

 neatly engraved ^'H. Knox,*' as 

 though a play upon words were in- 

 tended. The handle of this pipe- 

 hatchet has wound around it a 

 band of silver, and a number of sil- 

 ver nails driven into the wood. 

 This tomahawk is 8 inches from edge of the blade to 

 the top of its bowl. There is in the U. S. Kational Mu- 

 seum collection a similarly shaped specimen from Cat- 

 taraugus County, New York, with a blade of brass into 

 which is brazed a steel cutting-edge. On these toma- 

 hawks the bowls are similar, shaped like an inverted 

 acorn, having the general characteristics of the Micmac 

 stone pipe. There is in the collection of the IT. S. Na- 

 tional Museum another tomahawk-shaped pipe of wood, 

 of Cherokee make, the bowl and eye of which are, how- 

 ever, reenforced by a lining of sheet iron. The earliest 

 description the writer has found to tomahawks is that of ilobert Kogers, 

 who, in 1765, says: "This weapon," the tomahawk, "is formed much like 

 an hatchet, having a long stem or handle; the head is a round ball of 

 solid wood, well enough calculated to knock men's brains out, which on 

 the other side of the stem terminates in a point where the edge would be 

 if made an hatchet, which point is set a little hooking or coming towards 

 NAT MIS D7 3Q 



Fig. 85. 



ENGLISH TYPE OF TOMA- 

 HAWK PIPE. 

 Cat. No. 3-.'3», U.S.N. M. 



/'^^ , 



Fig. 86. 



TOMAHAWK PIPE. 



Devils Lake, Dakota. 



(•at.No.23-S!i, U.S.N. M. 

 Collecte.l by Paul Beckwith. 



